Adaptive Approaches to Software Testing with Embedded Artificial Intelligence in Dynamic Environments

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being integrated into application domains such as autonomous vehicles, health care, and cybersecurity; therefore, the requirements for dependable and robust AI-embedded systems are more pressing in these dynamic environments characterized by unpredictable variations in operational conditions. The traditional software testing methodologies that depend on static test cases and a predetermined set of scenarios usually fail to tackle the complexity of modern AI applications, resulting in undetected defects and security vulnerabilities. This study will evaluate adaptive test methods based on reinforcement learning (RL), fuzz testing, and other hybrid strategies for their application in software reliability assurance across environments such as stable, low-resource, high-load, and adversarial. The research is built upon a series of experiments on conversational chatbots, fraud detection systems, and autonomous navigation modules, demonstrating that RL-adaptive testing methods improve defect detection by 35-47% in dynamic environments compared to static testing methods and achieve 40-50% greater stability against stress (concerning the system itself). For the traditional testing methods, RL-based methods reduced failure rates by 75%; fuzz testing proved effective in detecting edge cases but was less stable when the same edge cases were instantiated in adversarial conditions.

Furthermore, the paper identifies prominent challenges in AI Software Testing, like environmental drifts and non-deterministic outputs, which are seen to be better adapted through RL-based methods. Although there is a trade-off regarding explainability and computational overhead, the data demonstrates that adaptive testing can transform safety-critical applications and highlights hybrid approaches combining the dynamic optimization of RL with the anomaly detection of fuzz testing. The description of the application areas presented in this document offers concrete recommendations to developers and engineers, enabling safer and more dependable AI in real systems.

 

Ethosomes in Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery: A Review

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The skin is one of the most extensive and readily accessible organs of the human body, and its use as a route for drug delivery offers numerous advantages over traditional drug delivery systems. These advantages include lower fluctuations in plasma drug levels, avoidance of gastrointestinal disturbances and first-pass metabolism, as well as improved patient compliance. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are defined as self-contained, discrete dosage forms that, when applied to intact skin, deliver of drugs at the controlled rate to the systemic circulation Ethosomes, developed from Touitou et al. in 1997, are novel lipid carriers composed of ethanol, phospholipids and water. These ethosomes are designed as non-invasive drug carrier system that can permeate the skin, fuse with cell membrane lipids, and release the drug. Ethosomes can be formulated using either hot or cold methods. Evaluation parameters for ethosomes include size, shape, drug content and zeta potential. Ethosomes have been successfully evaluated for the delivery of various drugs, including cyclosporine a insulin and salbutamol. Overall, ethosomes hold great potential as an important drug delivery tool in the future.

Optimizing Time and Cost Efficiency in Delayed Construction Project Using Project Crashing Approach (A Case Study of a Geothermal Power Plant Operator in Indonesia)

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Electricity is a fundamental need that supports modern life across household, industries, and public sector. To ensure the sustainability of electricity in Java and Bali, PT GSE,a Geothermal Power Plant in Pengalengan, West Java, conduct a base structure replacement project for cooling tower which innitialy using the wooden base structure into the Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP). This project, known as Project X, was executed by PT XYZ as the EPC contractor. During the execution, cooling tower unit – 1 faced significant delay, posing financial and reputational risks. This research aims to identify the root causes of the delay, evaluate the losses, and proposed solutions for time and cost efficiency using the project crashing method. This research combine interview with key personnel and secondary company data. The critical path analysis conducted by using the Activity on Node (AON) approach, activity mapping using Precedence Diagram Method (PDM), and calculation for additional cost due to overtime conducted by using minimum wages (UMK) for Kabupaten Bandung in 2025. S Curve analysis shows 10 weeks of delay, mainly due to frequent bad weather that prevented outdoor activities according to the HSSE policies. Financially, if there is no corrective action to handle the delay, PT XYZ would be subjected to a project penalty of Rp 2.734.770.052, as stipulated in the cooperation contract with PT GSE. To anticipate the losses, the proposed solution is project crashing by conducting overtime to the critical path activites, which is safer dan more efficient comparing to adding new additional resources. The implementation of project crashing calculated need extra funding about Rp 399.544.839 which only 14,61% compared to the potential penalty sanction. Beyond the financial impact, this strategy also maintains client trust and strengthen future business opportunities.

Exploration of Hospital Accreditation Process and Readiness of Health Workers in Facing Change (Readiness for Change)

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Hospital accreditation is a key effort to enhance the quality of health services and ensure compliance with patient safety standards. This study explores the readiness of health workers to face change during the accreditation process at Sentra Medika Langut Hospital. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study involved in-depth interviews with health workers including doctors, nurses, midwives, and hospital management. The findings revealed that readiness for change is influenced by managerial support, continuous training, and motivation. Leadership support fosters a conducive environment for change, training equips workers with necessary competencies, and motivation promotes proactive adaptation. The accreditation’s impact includes enhanced service quality, patient satisfaction, operational efficiency, and profitability. This study concludes that successful accreditation depends not only on meeting administrative standards but also on human resource readiness. Hence, strategies for quality improvement must integrate regulatory compliance, human resource development, and technological innovation to ensure sustainable accreditation.

Birth of Spacetime: The Feldt-Higgs Universal Bridge (F-HUB) Theory, Part One – A Universal Informational Framework for Mass, Gravity and Entropy

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For over a century, physics has been divided between two dominant theories: General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. While both are highly successful, they remain fundamentally disconnected.

To address this, the Feldt-Higgs Universal Bridge (F-HUB) introduces a new paradigm. Specifically, it proposes that mass, gravity, and spacetime are not fundamental properties, but instead emerge from structured quantum information. This model draws upon the Holographic Principle, black hole thermodynamics, and quantum information theory.

As a result, F-HUB offers a cohesive framework in which mass arises from quantum energy stabilised by information, and gravity becomes an entropic effect—rather than a fundamental force. Moreover, the master equation derived from this model is both dimensionally consistent and thermodynamically grounded. Crucially, it is also testable, offering new experimental pathways that challenge the need for dark matter and dark energy.

In summary, by reframing foundational physics through the lens of information, F-HUB provides a unified, modern approach that bridges relativity, thermodynamics, and quantum theory within a single theoretical framework.

Parenting styles and juvenile delinquency in Zambia

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This main objective of this study was to explore the relationship between maternal and paternal parenting styles and juvenile delinquency among juvenile offenders at Katombora, Nakambala and Insakwe approved schools in Zambia. Despite juvenile delinquency being a pervasive and serious societal menace and widely supported by literature as linked to parenting styles, no study has explored its relationship with parenting styles. It is against this backdrop that this study was conducted. This study was limited to the four mentioned parenting styles and juvenile offenders in approved schools. Most literature reviewed links authoritarian, neglectful and permissive parenting styles to juvenile delinquency and authoritative parenting to prosociality. This study was guided by six theories: The Baumrind parenting typology, the social control, the cognitive, the behavioral, the psychodynamic and the Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems. It used the convergent-parallel mixed methods design, purposive sampling selected the research sites while convenience sampling selected participants for quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. A total of 132 questionnaires were administered and 25 semi-structured interviews conducted. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the qualitative data via thematic data analysis. Contrary to the first objective of the study findings revealed the maternal authoritative parenting style as the most prevalent. Results revealed no significant relationships between maternal and paternal authoritative, authoritarian, permissive parenting styles and juvenile delinquency, a significant relationship between paternal neglectful parenting style and juvenile delinquency and indicated that female participants reported more of paternal parenting styles the same way male participants reported more of maternal parenting styles. It was recommended that parents adopt intensive parenting; that relevant authorities sensitize parents, policy makers and stakeholders on the link between paternal neglectful parenting, single parenting, divorce, juvenile association with delinquent peers and juvenile delinquency. It was also recommended that further research be conducted in this area.

Applying Systemic Functional Linguistic to Instruct Students in Criminal Law Exercises

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Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), pioneered by Halliday, approaches language as a social semiotic system that serves communicative functions. Within SFL, Thematic Progression (TP) refers to how themes are developed across sentences to create coherence and cohesion in discourse. Structured argumentation and clarity are essential in legal education, particularly criminal law. At the People’s Police College II (PPC II), students studying criminal law must enhance their writing skills for exercises, reports, and legal analyses. This paper highlights the role of Thematic Progression in guiding students to write more structured and logical legal texts.

This paper explores the application of Thematic Progression in SFL as a pedagogical tool to enhance cadets’ case-solving and detailed case analysis skills at the PPC II in criminal law exercises. Thematic Progression, which involves the systematic development of themes within texts, plays a crucial role in structuring coherent and logical legal arguments. By analyzing different patterns of Thematic Progression, such as constant theme, linear theme, and split theme, students can improve their ability to construct well-organized legal discourse. This approach strengthens their comprehension of legal documents and aids in drafting clear and concise legal reports. The study provides practical guidelines for integrating Thematic Progression into criminal law exercises, fostering more effective communication skills among law enforcement cadets.

Economic Analysis of Cattle Business in Program Sosial Bank Indonesia (PSBI) at Pesantren An-Nur II, Malang, Indonesia

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Cattle fattening business has great potential in enhancing the economic independence of Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) and supporting national food security. This research analyzes the economic and technical aspects of cattle fattening business at An-Nur II Islamic Boarding School, supported by Bank Indonesia’s Social Program (PSBI) through the provision of sustainable cattle farming infrastructure. This program implements an integrated livestock-plant system that builds an environmentally friendly, independent, and sustainable farming ecosystem. Research results show that in the initial stage of maintenance, this business produces an R/C Ratio value of 1.08, indicating that the business is profitable, albeit with a small margin. Projection analysis shows that by utilizing land for self-production of forage and maximizing stable capacity, the R/C ratio value can increase to 1.17, with a profit per head reaching Rp3,640,806. The main challenges in implementing this business are non-standardized feeding practices and lack of intensive monitoring of cattle body weight. Additionally, the livestock purchasing system is still based on estimates without accurately considering body weight, so profit potential is not yet maximized. To improve business efficiency, optimization of the feeding system, monitoring of body weight growth, and implementation of better management-based livestock technology are needed. With improvements in technical and managerial aspects, this business model has the potential to be replicated in other Islamic boarding schools to enhance economic welfare and support national food security.

Optimizing AI Model Inference on Serverless Cloud Platforms: A Scalable Approach

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The increasing prevalence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) models across various industries has highlighted the critical need for efficient and scalable deployment strategies. Traditional deployment methods often struggle with adapting to fluctuating demands and maintaining cost-effectiveness. Serverless computing has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. This paper investigates the deployment of AI models within serverless architectures on Amazon Web Services (AWS), specifically focusing on AWS Lambda and Knative. The study analyzes the limitations of conventional deployment approaches and proposes innovative strategies leveraging the capabilities of serverless technologies. Furthermore, it presents a rigorous evaluation of the performance characteristics of these serverless deployment strategies, discusses crucial security and privacy considerations, incorporates illustrative real-world case studies, and outlines potential future research directions.

Automotive Technology Program of SUCs in the Bicol Region as Input for Curriculum Enhancement

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This study analyzed the relevance of the automotive technology program of SUCs in the Bicol Region as input for curriculum enhancement. It examined the profile of the SUC Automotive Technology Program in terms of faculty qualification and laboratory facilities, as well as the status of the program in terms of curriculum and instruction, compliance with quality assurance mechanisms, and graduates’ employability. This research study employed a descriptive survey method. The questionnaires are the main tools in gathering data. Frequency, percentage, and overall mean are the statistical tools utilized in treating the data collected. There were four (4) groups of respondents which consisted of the BSIT major in Automotive Technology and BSAT students enrolled in industry immersion/supervised industry training during AY 2022-2023, automotive technology core faculty members of the five (5) SUCs, graduates of AY 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, and the automotive industry partners of the aforementioned SUCs represented by their service advisors and technicians. It was revealed that most of the faculty lack industry experience as required in CMO 76, s. 2017. Likewise, the qualification of faculty as trainers in automotive and the availability of automotive equipment do not fully meet what is required in the regulation. The SUCs were also non-compliant with CHED and TESDA standards concerning laboratories and physical facilities; SUCs in Region V were compliant with the minimum requirements of CHED.