Technical Analysis of Moving Average Convergence Divergence, Stochastic Oscillator, Relative Strength Index and Money Flow Index on The Stock Prices of Companies Listed on The IDX30 Index on The Indonesia Stock Exchange

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Every year, the number of investors in Indonesia is growing rapidly. To reduce the risk of loss, it is important to have a strategy in investing, one of which is by utilizing technical analysis. This study aims to assess the extent to which the technical analysis of the Moving Averages Convergence Divergence (MACD), Stochastic Oscillator (SO), Relative Strength Index (RSI), and Money Flow Index (MFI) indicators is effective in providing accurate signals related to stock prices during the 2024 Presidential Election on stock prices listed on the IDX30 Index. This study uses descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The method used in this study is technical analysis that focuses on understanding the relationship between the signals generated by the four indicators and stock price movements. Data analysis used is by accuracy testing and statistical difference testing. The results of the study showed that the four indicators have fairly good accuracy values, where the order of accuracy is the first MACD indicator 89%, the second SO indicator 81%, the third RSI indicator 79%, and the last MFI indicator 63%. However, based on statistical tests conducted, only the Moving Averages Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator is effective in providing accurate signals related to stock prices during the 2024 Presidential Election for companies listed on the IDX30 Index. The results of this study are expected to provide insight into the signal strength of these technical indicators in predicting stock price movements, which in turn can be used by investors to make better investment decisions in the Indonesian capital market.

A Comparative Analysis of Research and Development Based Incubator in Thailand, Brazil and Indonesia

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Research and development (R&D)-based business incubators serve a strategic function in bridging the divide between scientific innovation and market application. In Indonesia, however, these incubators have yet to reach their full potential. Existing strategic models have not yielded satisfactory outcomes in fostering innovation-driven startups. To address this issue, the present study conducts a benchmarking analysis of R&D-based incubator models in Thailand and Brazil—two emerging economies that, while facing structural challenges similar to Indonesia, exhibit diverse institutional responses and incubation frameworks. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this research identifies the models employed in each country and examines the influence of external environmental factors. The findings are categorized into two main dimensions: incubation model structures and the external environment, analyzed through the PESTLE framework. Thailand implements an augmented Stage-Gate model, Brazil adopts a Business Model Canvas (BMC)-oriented approach, and Indonesia applies a traditional three-stage incubation model. Significant structural gaps were identified in political, economic, and legal aspects, particularly in the Indonesian context. This study offers targeted recommendations to address these disparities and enhance the effectiveness of R&D-based incubators in Indonesia. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to utilize a Systematic Literature Review to compare R&D-based incubator models across emerging economies, thereby providing a robust and transparent foundation for policy and strategic development.

Effectiveness of Vestibular Rehabilitation for Diabetic Patients in Improving Balance and Quality of Life

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Background: Diabetes is commonly associated with complications such as retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy, which contribute to gait instability and increased fall risk. A less-recognized complication is diabetes-related vestibular dysfunction, which affects balance and spatial orientation. Emerging studies suggest that vestibular dysfunction in diabetic patients may exacerbate the risk of falls. This study investigates the impact of vestibular dysfunction in diabetic patients and evaluates the potential benefits of vestibular rehabilitation in improving balance and quality of life.

Methodology: In this experimental study, 30 diabetic patients with vestibular dysfunction were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group received vestibular rehabilitation, while the control group underwent conventional therapy. Pre- and post-treatment assessments were made using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). The study aimed to compare improvements in balance and quality of life between the groups after six weeks of intervention.

Results: Both groups showed improvements in balance and quality of life, but the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in DHI, BBS, and DGI scores compared to the control group. The improvements were attributed to vestibular adaptation and substitution mechanisms.

Conclusion: Vestibular rehabilitation proved effective in improving balance and quality of life in diabetic patients with vestibular dysfunction. The findings support its inclusion as a valuable treatment to reduce falls and enhance postural stability

Feasibility Analysis of Availability Payment Scheme Implementation in Infrastructure Projects: Case Study of Trans Sumatera Toll Road Development Phase II

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Toll road infrastructure development is a key strategy in improving connectivity and economic growth in Indonesia. The Trans Sumatra Toll Road Phase II, including the Betung – Tempino – Jambi section, is a national strategic project that uses the Availability Payment (AP) scheme. This scheme guarantees the toll road operator’s income based on predetermined service standards, regardless of traffic volume. This study aims to evaluate the financial feasibility of the Bayung Lencir – Tempino – Simpang Ness Toll Road project by comparing conventional and Availability Payment financing schemes. The analysis was conducted using financial indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI), Payback Period, and Discounted Payback Period. The results show that without the Availability Payment scheme, the project is not financially viable as it has a negative NPV and a lower IRR than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). However, with the implementation of the Availability Payment scheme, the financial indicators show positive results, indicating that the project becomes feasible. These findings provide implications for the government in determining sustainable infrastructure project funding policies as well as for investors in assessing the feasibility of toll road project investments in Indonesia.

A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Mulligan Bent Leg Raising Vs Slump Stretching Along with SWD in Mechanical Low Back Pain

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Problem statement: Low back pain [LBP] is the most frequent, self-reported type of musculoskeletal pain, is often recurrent and has important socio-economic consequences. Eighty percent of low back pains are due to “mechanical back pain” and are caused by back muscle strain or ligament sprain. The muscle strain and ligament sprain are due to sudden unaccustomed activities and improper posture.

Approach: The subjects were approached via Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Ariyur, Pondicherry-605 102.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find out the effectiveness of Mulligan Bent Leg Raising [MBLR] Vs Slump Stretching along with SWD to reduce pain and improve SLR in mechanical low back pain.

Results: The statistical analysis obtained from the unpaired t-test shows that the post-test values of Group A and Group B for a range of motion and pain are 5.39 (p < 0.001) and 5.43 (p < 0.001), respectively. The values obtained from the statistical analysis concluded that there is a significant difference between Group A and Group B, with Group A being more effective.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the Mulligan bent leg raising, along with SWD was effective in the treatment of mechanical low back pain among college students

Impact of ONDC on the Competitiveness of Small Retailers in the Indian E-Commerce Sector

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It was founded by the government with the intention of democratizing online commerce and leveling the playing field for all as regards small and medium-sized retailers operating in India. This paper examines ONDC’s impact on the competitiveness of small retailers within the larger Indian e-commerce ecosystem. Using secondary data as drawn from government reports and reputable news sources, the paper investigates ONDC’s operational model, cost advantages, adoption trends, and sectoral penetration. Findings indicate that ONDC significantly reduces operational costs and expands the market for small retailers while infrastructure and awareness issues remain.

Book Review: Curiosity

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The Curiosity textbook represents a significant improvement over the old NCERT science textbook for grade 6th.  It aligns well with modern educational standards and NEP-2020, offering a more holistic and engaging learning experience for students, even the title sparks interest in the respective subject. The new book’s focus on competency-based learning, combined with its rich illustrations and interactive activities, makes it a valuable resource for a deeper understanding and appreciation of science among learners.  The textbook has added illustrations, and current information in a more narrative style, focusing on Indian contexts and stories.

Epistemic Description of The Fruit Tree-Based Intercropped Milpa System (MIAF) in Veracruz, Mexico

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The Fruit Tree-Based Intercropped Milpa System (MIAF) is characterized by its systemic approach, which considers the interactions among the biological, physical, and socioeconomic components of the agroecosystem. The objective of this research was to analyze the MIAF system as a complex productive model, integrating into Rolando García’s theoretical framework of complex systems the agroecological principles underlying its design, as well as its conceptualization from complexity sciences and contemporary soil science theories. An information search was conducted, consisting of a state-of-the-art analysis and bibliometric maps of Complex Agrarian Systems (CAS) and the MIAF concept using the Scopus platform and VOSviewer. A total of 591 documents were found for the concept of Complex Agrarian System, and 53 for MIAF. For the first concept, it was found that it has been used from 1974 to 2024, primarily in 10 countries, with 65.5% being scientific articles and spanning 11 thematic areas. Meanwhile, the second concept has been used from 1985 to 2025 in 10 countries, with 90.6% being scientific articles and covering 11 thematic areas. Eighteen philosophers and 66 theories dating back to 1900, inherent to the Galilean tradition and focused on the MIAF system, were identified. Additionally, five concepts that have surpassed agroecology in contemporary discourse were identified and described. It is concluded that MIAF stands as a successful agroecological model by integrating traditional knowledge and technical innovation, enhancing biodiversity, food security, and climate resilience. Its study, framed within Rolando García’s and Bertalanffy’s complex systems theories, reveals that its sustainability depends on biological, physical, and socioeconomic interactions. Bibliometric analyses highlight a gap between the concepts of “Complex Agrarian System” and “MIAF,” pointing to opportunities for future research linking them. Therefore, INIFAP continues to advance its research while adopting the CAS framework to strengthen MIAF implementation, as this system not only represents an agroecological solution but also a practical example of the adaptability of systemic theories in sustainable agriculture.

Asset Optimization Through Utilizing of Vacant Land (Case Study: PT JKL Jakarta)

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The study aims to analyzed the optimization of vacant land assets owned by PT JKL, strategically located on Jalan Kayu Putih Raya in East Jakarta. The area is characterized by high mobility, making it essential to assess the land use for optimal efficiency. This assessment will identify the most suitable land use according to the highest and best use principle, which maximizes both building potential and profitability from permissible uses. The analysis resulted in a mixed-use building concept that integrates the functions of a hospital with service apartments. This combination is estimated to generate the highest and best increase in land value, at IDR 74.89 million per square meter, and a 222.79% increase in productivity after development. Over an investment period of more than ten years, the project is expected to generate a net present value of IDR 240.72 billion, an internal rate of return of 17.72%, and a payback period of 9 years and 11 days.