Various Analytical Methods for Analysis of Sitagliptin – A Review

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Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl- peptidase inhibitor used to treat high blood sugar levels caused by type2 diabetes. Absorption of Sitagliptin is 87% orally bioavailable and taking it with or without food does not affect its pharmacokinetics. Sitagliptin reaches maximum plasma concentration in 2 hours. Now in this present analytical research world quality by design or design by expert technique is used to get improved method for method validation. This concise review work can guide an analyst to choose most appropriate method for a best analytical method development and validation. This assessment encompasses various analytical methods such as UV Spectrophotometry, High performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], Liquid chromatography – Mass spectrometry (LC-MS), High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and Ultra performance liquid chromatrography (UPLC) for the estimation of sitagliptin in single and/or in combination.

The Future of Women Entrepreneurship: Trends and Predictions

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Women entrepreneurship has emerged as a vital component of global economic growth, contributing to innovation, job creation, and socio-economic development. The empowerment of women entrepreneurs will undoubtedly be a catalyst for positive change and sustainable development worldwide. This article examines the current trends and future predictions in women entrepreneurship, highlighting technological advancements, access to funding, education and skill development, social and cultural shifts, policy support, and sustainable entrepreneurship. Through a comprehensive review of literature, this article provides an in-depth analysis and understanding of the evolving landscape and the factors that will shape the future of women entrepreneurship.

Service-Based Periodic Payment Provided/PBBL by the Government of Indonesia to Bayung Lencir – Tempino – Simpang Ness Toll Road

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In 2020, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), a state-owned enterprise mandated by the government to build the Trans Sumatra Toll Road, appointed a private consultant to conduct a feasibility study and for the proposed construction of the Betung – Tempino – Jambi Toll Road. However, due to the low traffic volume in the Jambi Province, the toll road was deemed financially not feasible to be developed. Given the substantial costs required for the development of the Betung – Tempino – Jambi Toll Road, this toll road segment was divided into several sections. Betung – Tempino – Jambi Toll Road is a segment of the primary route of the Trans Sumatra Toll Road, Phase 2, which spans 171 kilometers across the provinces of South Sumatra and Jambi. Bayung Lencir – Tempino – Simpang Ness Toll Road, which stretches 52 kilometers, is a part of the Betung – Tempino – Jambi Toll Road prioritized for construction and operation. According to Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 131 of 2022, a funding scheme known as Service-Based Periodic Payments/Pembayaran Berkala Berbasis Layanan (PBBL) shall be provided to PT Hutama Karya (Persero) to enhance the financial feasibility and to ensure the funding, technical planning, construction execution, operation, and maintenance of the toll road.

This study will analyze and evaluate the financial feasibility of the Bayung Lencir – Tempino – Simpang Ness Toll Road before and after the implementation of PBBL provided to PT Hutama Karya (Persero) during the estimated duration of toll road concession for 50 years. The duration of the PBBL granted by the Government of Indonesia to PT Hutama Karya (Persero) is 15 years, with an annual payment of 880 billion Rupiah.

Based on the financial feasibility analysis without PBBL, the results indicate a negative NPV, an IRR lower than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), a Discounted Payback Period exceeding the toll road concession period, and a Profitability Index below 1, indicating that the project is not yet financially viable. On the other hand, the financial feasibility analysis after PBBL implementation shows a positive NPV, an IRR greater than WACC, a Discounted Payback Period within the toll road concession period, and a Profitability Index above 1, indicating that the project is financially feasible. Therefore, PT Hutama Karya (Persero) shall develop the Bayung Lencir – Tempino – Simpang Ness Toll Road with PBBL scheme that contributed by the Government.

The Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Metabolic Health and Chronic Disease Prevention: A Comprehensive Review

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Intermittent fasting has gained attention as a dietary approach focusing on the timing of eating rather than the specific foods being consumed. Unlike the traditional calorie restriction, intermittent fasting involves alternating periods of fasting and eating. Several prevalent forms of IF exist, each with unique fasting durations and eating windows. For instance, the 16/8 method restricts food intake to an 8-hour window each day, followed by 16 hours of fasting. The 5:2 diet involves eating regular meals for five days a week and significantly reducing calorie intake to 500-600 calories on the remaining two non-consecutive days. Another popular method, Eat-Stop-Eat, includes one or two 24-hour fasts per week without calorie restriction on non-fasting days.The rising interest in IF is due to its potential health benefits, such as weight loss, chronic disease prevention, and improved metabolic health. IF may reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. The increasing interest in IF is largely due to its potential health benefits, including the prevention of multiple chronic diseases, weight reduction, and improvements in metabolic health markers. A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that IF may positively impact metabolic health, potentially reducing the risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer. Intermittent fasting can enhance weight management and health improvement, but further research is needed to understand its long-term effects on people, optimal protocols, and potential risks. This will help guide informed decisions on the safe way and effective use.

Developing Teaching Procedure based on Communicative Language Teaching Principles to Teach Speaking

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Teaching procedure can be developed to achieve a better result, which is to improve students’ speaking skill. This research aims to find out whether the developed teaching procedure based on Communicative Language Teaching principles can improve students’ speaking ability. This is a quasi-experimental research design that conducts a quantitative method with 30 students as the subjects. The students were tested through the speaking test before and after the treatment. The finding shows that there is a significant increase between the pre-test and post-test. The t-value, which is 11.221 is higher than the t-table, which is 2.045. Or, the sig (2-tailed) is 0.000, which is lower than 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed teaching procedure based on CLT principles can improve students’ speaking ability.

Screening of Wheat Different Varieties against stripe rust (Puccinia striformis f. sp. tritici) in Baghlan Province-Afghanistan

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Wheat strip rust is the most devastating fungal disease in the north Provinces of Afghanistan, causes heavy losses on this staple food crop for the last two years. Therefore, the experiment was carried out under field conditions in 2023, to screen the most growing wheat varieties against stripe rust disease. A total of 18 different varieties were used for this study to find out the resistant varieties. The study revealed that, among all tested varieties no one was found with complet resistance reaction against strip rust (yellow leaf rust). 12 varieties such as Pat wheat, Hazardana lalmi, Zardana, Jawzjan, Kabali, Lalmi 17, Darulaman, Sarkha, Suleh, Wahdat, Chonta and Mazar-99 expressed moderately resistance reaction, while the other 6 varieties viz., Lalmi 4, Hazardana  Abi, safidak, roshan, Kabul 013, Lalmi 15 showed moderately susceptible response to disease, a visible effects on wheat yield and plant height were also exposed by rust in some varieties compared to others, however the 15.00 gr/plot), whereas the lowest yield collected from zardana (1213.33 gr/plot) and safidak uppermost yield harvested from pat wheat (2128.33 gr/plot), Kabali (1970 gr/plot) and chonta (17 (1248.33 gr/plot), in respect to height, the highest  wheat varieties were Sarkha 135.73 cm and Pat wheat 121.00 cm; while the lowest height recorded in Choonta 92.20 cm and  Suleh 92.73 cm.

Machine Learning Approaches for Customer Churn Prediction in the Aquaculture Technology Sector

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This study investigates the application of advanced machine learning techniques for customer churn prediction in the rapidly evolving aquaculture technology sector. We employ and compare three distinct models—Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost—to analyze a synthesized dataset representative of the industry. The research encompasses comprehensive data preprocessing, feature engineering, and model evaluation using standard performance metrics. Our findings demonstrate the superior performance of XGBoost, achieving 88% accuracy in predicting customer churn. Through feature importance analysis, we identify key churn predictors, with the difference between a customer’s last order amount and their mean order amount emerging as the most significant factor. Additionally, we utilize SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis to interpret model outcomes, revealing nuanced relationships between features and churn probability. The study highlights the critical role of consistent engagement, proactive customer support, and personalized retention strategies in reducing churn. Our research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on churn prediction in specialized technology sectors and provides actionable insights for improving customer retention strategies in the aquaculture industry. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, including the integration of external data sources and exploration of deep learning approaches for temporal dependency analysis in customer behaviour.

Overview of Strategic Supply Management of Oxygen for COVID- 19 Pandemic Patient Care in Sri Lanka

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The immensurable COVID-19 pandemic has a ceaseless destabilizing effects on health systems, economies, and societies around the world. Total number of 671,756 positive cases have been reported in the country and 654,910 of them have recovered from the disease with 16,808 number of deaths out of the population of 21.8 million up to December 2022. Immense burden to the health system and heavy death rate was reported during the 3rd wave for which mainly the delta variant of COVID virus was responsible. Total number of 491,508 patients and 14375 number of deaths as well as nearly 3500 Oxygen dependent patients were managed per day in ICU, HDU, and inward set up using Oxygen concentrator, bi-pap and c -pap machine during 3rd  wave. During this period, Ministry of Health had been urged to reassess its hospital surge capacity in relation to predicted COVID patient load. Based on that, the increasing COVID-19 surge has warranted the rapid hospital facilities expansion in every aspect especially in facilities for Oxygen therapy.

Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka had to develop strategies for Medical Oxygen management to fulfill its rising demand. All those interventions were focused to improve the accessibility and availability of medical oxygen while preventing irrational use and wastage of Oxygen. The ultimate goal of spending such cost was to prevent morbidity and mortality due to poor access of oxygen. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of medical oxygen gas utilization, it was important to monitor the capacity improvement and supply process.

 

Optimizing Instagram Management for SMEs: A Case Study of Indonesian Batik SMEs

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A multidisciplinary approach is employed to explore the effectiveness of social media marketing by collaborating with Instagram experts and analyzing qualitative data from SMEs A, SMEs B, and SMEs C. The primary objective is to measure the impact of Instagram usage on SMEs business performance, both non-financial and financial. Additionally, this research offers social media management strategy recommendations that can be directly implemented in social media management experiments by these SMESs to observe their real impact on business performance.

This research findings show significant variations in Instagram adoption among SMEs A, SMEs B, and SMES C. SMEs A and SMEs B require substantial improvements, while SMEs C shows better adoption but still needs enhancement. Increased Instagram presence, better content strategies, and maximum utilization of Instagram features can improve interaction and business performance.

This research provides insights for SMEs to develop effective digital marketing strategies through Instagram. It also offers practical suggestions for academics for long-term research and exploration of other social media platforms like TikTok to provide more comprehensive insights. It is hoped that this study will assist SMESs and academics in developing effective and applicable digital marketing strategies.

The Impact of Physiotherapy on a patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis Following Bilateral Total Hip Replacement: A Case Study

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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the axial skeleton, with a prevalence of approximately 0.25% in India, predominantly in males. This case study explores the physiotherapeutic management of a 35-year-old male patient underwent bilateral Total Hip Replacement and presented with primary complaint of progressive stiffness in the back and neck region along with pain in his right hip joint. Outcome measures included Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS, JR) with significant improvements observed over 12 weeks: BASFI improved from 7 to 2, BASDAI from 8.1 to 3.8, VAS pain from 8 to 3, and HOOS, JR score from 40 to 60. The results demonstrate that AS-specific exercises combined with a home-based exercise protocol can significantly enhance pain management, functional capacity, disease activity and hip disability in AS patients.