Land And Building Tax (PBB), Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH), and the Remaining Budget Calculation (SiLPA), Network Capital Expenditure (BMJ) and Physical Special Allocation Funds (DAK) at the City Government in Indonesia

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the property tax, profit-sharing funds, excess budget calculations, network capital expenditures, and revenue from special physical allocation funds for municipal governments in Indonesia. This research is a descriptive quantitative research, namely by analyzing the Land and Building Tax (PBB), Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH), and the Remaining Budget Calculation (SiLPA), Network Capital Expenditure (BMJ) and Physical Special Allocation Funds (DAK) at the City Government. throughout Indonesia in 2018-2019. The results of this study indicate that PBB-P2 & City Government SiLPA revenues in Indonesia increase every year, the realization of SiLPA on income has increased in 2019 where in 2018 it increased 9.75% to 11.44%. City Government DBH receipts in Indonesia fluctuate every year where the highest DBH receipts are in 2018, the realization of DBH to the Balancing Fund has decreased in 2019 where in 2018 it was 12.33% down to 10.90%. The realization of BMJ for City Governments in Indonesia increases every year with the highest BMJ revenue in 2019, the contribution of BMJ to capital expenditure on average is still below 50%. City Government Physical DAK realization in Indonesia is decreasing every year where the highest Physical DAK revenue is in 2017, the Physical DAK realization to DAK has increased in 2019 where in 2018 it increased by 45.35% to 62.15%. This shows that the use of Physical DAK is greater than that of Non-Physical DAK.

Correlation of Time Management and Sleep Quality in Highschool Student in Bangkok

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There are a lot of things students have to do in a day, which is why time management or lists of things to get done are important for them in order to have a good quality. Sleep is the time where they can recharge their energy for the next day. In order to get things done to their full potential, we need to have a good rest at night. It’s a sure thing that different people have different amounts of sleep or the time they go to bed each night. This also applies to secondary school students in Thailand, where they have varied amounts of sleep hours and may consequently affect their time management. Thus, our study aims to find out the correlation between sleep quality and time management of secondary school students in Bangkok. To determine the correlation of the factors, we conducted a cross-sectional survey. All data was collected by sending out a survey questionnaire about sleep quality and time management to secondary school students in Bangkok. The data from 216 participants was then analyzed. The outcomes from Pearson’s correlation test reveal a positive correlation between the assigned variables, which indicates that increasing sleep hours improve time management of the students. This study would put into picture that time management does affect students’ sleep quality and may potentially be put to use backing up potential changes that could be made to our country’s educational system.

Global Fear, Hopelessness and Media Overexposure of the Danger of COVID-19: A Cross-cultural Research

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This study analyzes the role of mass media in inducing hopelessness and fear at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was conducted online in three Asian (China, India, and Indonesia) and three European (Bulgaria, Germany, and Hungary) countries. A total of 2617 participants, between 18 and 80 years, completed an online version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and an additional questionnaire including multiple demographic characteristics. Data obtained show that Asians, compared to Europeans, demonstrated a higher level of hopelessness at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both gender and age have been found to influence levels of hopelessness, but their impact varies across cultures. In addition, data show that some demographic factors such as education, marital status, and established religiosity influence the degree of pessimism and hopelessness. This influence varies in Asian and European cultural environments. For example, highly educated representatives of both cultures display low levels of hopelessness, while those with less education demonstrate extremely high levels of hopelessness. Regarding family status and religiosity, the trends are different. The hopelessness levels increase among single and divorced Europeans and decrease among the married and those cohabiting with a partner. Unlike Europeans, only married Asians demonstrate low levels of hopelessness. Regarding religiosity, the results show that religious individuals display low levels of hopelessness, while among atheists in both cultures, these levels are dramatically high. Findings suggest that media overexposure to the danger of COVID-19, leads to an increase in hopelessness and, in turn, increases in stress, anxiety, and depression.

The Importance of MSMEs for Poverty Alleviation: A Story from Indonesia

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Objective: This study examines poverty in Indonesia from an economic approach and discusses the importance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). It focused on the impact of these enterprises on poverty in the country.

Methodology: The analysis incorporated an autoregressive model wherein total workers in MSMEs and economic growth rate as explanatory variables. Annual time series data for the period of 2007-2019 has been used. The study also reviews the earlier empirical studies on the relationship between the growth of MSMEs and poverty alleviation in many other countries/regions. It represents the descriptive analysis of the explanatory variables and trends in poverty and MSMEs’ workforce. The poverty-reducing impact of the increase in MSMEs’ workers has been examined.

Findings: The result is significant which implies that MSMEs can play a very important role in poverty alleviation in Indonesia. The results of the study imply that a strong MSME base is required for the development of the economy and poverty alleviation in the country.

Noverlty: There are many studies regarding MSMEs in Indonesia. However, empirical research regarding the impact of the growth of employment opportunities in MSMEs on poverty levels in Indonesia is still very rare. Therefore, this research fills this gap and at the same time stimulates further research.

The Epitome of Ethnic Integration: The Formation and Development of Hui Nationality

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In this paper, the origin of the Hui people in China is researched, the formation history of the Hui people is stated in detail, the development and evolution of the Hui people are described in detail, and the origin, formation, development and evolution history of the Hui people are divided into six stages, and the characteristics of each stage are analyzed in detail. It is pointed out that the origin of Hui nationality originates from the opening of China’s Silk Road, the needs of Sino-foreign economic and trade development, and China’s political integrity, economic prosperity, cultural prosperity, national prosperity and people’s security are closely related. The formation of Hui in China has the great attraction of Sui, Tang and Song dynasties, and is closely related to the expansion, wars and killings of Islam in the Arab Empire and the plunder, capture and recruitment of soldiers in the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties. The formation of the Hui people and the essence of its development and growth are the fundamental way for the eastern Muslims to settle and grow in China and absorb the blood of Han Chinese, Mongolians, Uyghurs, Jews and other ethnic groups.

A Comparative Analysis of the Nutritional and Chemical composition of six West African Medicinal Fruits

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Background: Many nations can no longer afford the ever rising cost of healthcare, governments across the world are in search of alternative and affordable ways of disease control. Clinical studies are revealing hope from herbs.

Objectives: A comparative analysis of the nutritional and chemical composition of six fruits used for treating many diseases in West Africa; to examine the composition, concentration and education for easy choice of suitable fruits based on peculiar situations as well as to provide easy access of consensus evidence to busy healthcare practitioners. Also, clinical evidence of plant medicine is not as much as modern medicine and education is necessary.

Methods: A systematic review investigation. Theory is a Community approach to intervention services. Search engines were Google scholar, Firefox and Google.

Results: Macro and micronutrients were present in the plants. Moisture was high in all but, Tetrapleura tetraptera. Anacardium occidentale, 86.00g/100 g/dry weight showed highest carbohydrates concentration, Annona muricata was lowest, 14.63%. Crude protein was generally low in all the plants, Chrysophyllum albidum scored highest, 7.00%, Annona muricata scored lowest, 1.00%. Fat was generally low in all, highest fat, 4.00% occurred in Tetrapleura tetraptera and least, 0.88% in Annona muricata. Fibre concentration ranges from low to high. The highest fibre occurred in Tetrapleura tetraptera, 45.00% and the least in Mangifera indica, 1.80%. Ash was excessively high, 60.00% in Annona muricata, Mangifera indica came last with a score of 1.95%. Outcome will be beneficial to users.

Conclusion: The fruits were rich in nutrients with nutraceutical and pharmacological properties, justifying its use as native medicine.

Development of LKPD Based on ExCluSiVE Learning Model to Improve Creative Thinking Skills in Mathematics Learning in Grade IV Elementary School

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This study aims to develop LKPD based on the ExCluSiVE learning model that is feasible, practical and effective to improve creative thinking skills in mathematics subjects in grade IV elementary schools. The type of research and development used refers to the theory of Research and Development (R&D) Borg and Gall. The population in this study was 36 students in grade IV UPTD SD Negeri 5 Metro Timur. The samples in this study were class IVA as an experimental class and class IVB as a control class. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques use qualitative descriptive analysis with data review and quantitative descriptive analysis using expert data, product practicality, validity, reliability, difficulty level, N-gain, normality, homogeneity, and effectiveness. The results showed an average expert test of 89.78% with feasible criteria, an average practicality test of 87.50% with very practical criteria; validity test V Aiken LKPD for material of 0.66, media of 0.67, language of 0.65 with valid criteria; reliability test of Cronbach’s Alpha material 0.817, medium 0.720, language 0.796 with high category; the average increase in students’ creative thinking ability before and after the study was 26.20%; the average N-Gain value is 0.83 in the high category; Test the effectiveness of independent sample t-test: 1) tCalculate value is 5.469 and tTable (df-34, α=5%) is 1.690, then tCalculate ≥ tTable, α=5%, 2) Sig. (2-tailed) value is 0.000 < 0.05. The results of the study can be concluded LKPD based on the ExCluSiVE learning model to improve creative thinking skills in mathematics learning in grade IV SD Negeri 5 Metro Timur on feasible, practical and effective flat building materials.

Laboratory Investigation on Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Local Alkaline –Polymer for Niger – Delta Region

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Approximately sixty percent of crude oil still lay trapped in the reservoir even after primary and secondary recovery processes have been completed, hence the need for a method that further improves recovery. To increase oil recovery and encourage utilization of local content, locally source alkaline and polymer materials were used to improve oil recovery in this study. The local alkaline and polymer used are plantain peel ash and corn starch respectively. The efficiency of the plantain peel ash and corn starch solution were tested using different seven core samples. The core samples were individually flooded with brine (salt and water) for secondary recovery process and different concentrations of plantain peel ash and corn starch both in stand-alone and in combined form were used for tertiary recovery. The results obtained from the experimental work showed that sample-B5 with 0.2g of plantain peel ash and 0.2g of corn starch in 100ml of brine gave the highest cumulative recovery of 86% as to compare to samples B1 and B2 which has the cumulative recovery of 70% and 78% respectively. Sample-B7 which has the highest concentration of corn starch (0.4g/100ml) gave the lowest recovery of 65% due to polymer adsorption on the rock surfaces which alters the rock wettability. The assessment of formation damage was done by evaluating and determining the permeability change after tertiary flooding. The concentrations with plantain peel ash have reduced permeability change. These locally sourced materials can replace synthetic enhanced oil recovery (EOR) chemical when properly modified and refined, and they are also cheap and environmentally friendly.

 

A Review of Analytical Methods on Carbamazepine an Antiepileptic Drug

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Carbamazepine is used to control and treat bipolar 1 disorder’s acute manic and mixed episodes, trigeminal neuralgia, and epilepsy. Generalized tonic seizures (grand mal), mixed seizure patterns, and partial seizures with complicated sympatomatology (psychomotor, temporal lobe) are the only indications for epilepsy. Trigeminal neuralgia or tic douloureux are first-line conditions for which carbamazepine is FDA-recommended. In individuals with acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar 1 mania, a comprehensive evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of carbamazepine extended release. Carbamazepine is contraindicated in patients with bone marrow depression and hypersensitivity to this drug or tricyclic compounds such as amitriptyline. Dizziness, sleepiness, ataxia, nausea, and vomiting are some of the most typical adverse effects of carbamazepine. With the ability to penetrate the placenta and pass through breast milk in nursing infants, carbamazepine necessitates a choice between stopping the medication in the mother or stopping nursing. Different analytical techniques developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the determination of carbamazepine, including High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), mass spectrometric, Liquid chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), and UV-Spectrophotometry has been explained in this article as it is important to analyze the drug content and % purity  in bulk and Pharmaceutical formulations for quality control purpose.