Assessing the Quality of Local Government Training on Small Medium Enterprises(SMEs) in the Implementation of Local Economic Development initiatives (LED) in Ghana

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Emerging economies are increasingly pressurised to implement local economic development (LED) initiatives as an intervention strategy for sustainability. Prior studies have underscored the significant achievement of first-world countries after embracing LED initiatives such as rapid job creation, poverty reduction, and money generation. This study presents and analyses the quality of MMDAs training on SMEs in implementing local economic development (LED) initiatives in Ghana’s Ga West and Kpando Municipalities. This study adopted a case study research design using a quantitative approach to assess the quality of local government training programmes for SMEs implementing LED in the Ga West and the Kpando Municipalities. Three hundred and thirty-one (331) SMEs were used for the study. The study found that most SMEs have knowledge of business-related training programmes available at the Municipalities and have also benefited from these training programmes. The available training programmes included capacity building, Record/Bookkeeping, Safety/Health and Environmental management training, among others. However, some of these training programmes did not meet the SMEs’ training needs, while others did not know this. Finally, the paper provided recommendations to improve how training policies.

Health Technology Assessment: The context, Practices and Challenges- A Mini Review

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Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is an important multidisciplinary process for health policymakers and decision-makers to evaluate a range of health technologies, medical devices, and pharmaceuticals to enable the efficiency with finite healthcare budgets. It aids the effectiveness and fairness in decision making. HTA is a mechanism to introduce a value for money in the healthcare system. HTA methods are evolving, and their applications are diverse.  This review introduces fundamental aspects and issues of dynamic concept of HTA.

Evaluation of Nutritional, Phytochemicals, Microbiological and Sensory Properties of Cookies Enriched with Cocoa Bean Shells

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: Cocoa bean shells (CBS) are wastes generated by cocoa processing industries despite its high nutritional properties. Production of cookies enriched with CBS in order to evaluate the effects of its addition on the processed snack food was studied. Cookies were prepared with multipurpose flour, butter, sugar, baking powder, salt, milk and varying quantities of CBS (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10g). The preparation of the cookies was done according to the normal method of cookies production. Nutritional, minerals, phytochemicals, microbiological and sensory evaluations were performed on the processed snack food to determine the contribution of the CBS in enhancement of these properties. Results of chemicals, minerals, phytochemicals and sensory analysis indicates increase in protein, fat, fiber and ash whereas moisture and carbohydrate content decreases as the quantity of the enricher increases. All the parameters determined for minerals and the phytochemicals also increase with increased addition of the CBS. The result of sensory analysis showed that all the samples were rated highly but for the sample with highest addition of CBS which had darker colour and aftertaste due to the deep brown colour of CBS. Microbial examination of the cookies indicated that total bacteria counts were low for all the sample (1.7×102-3.1×103) and no enteric bacteria was detected. The study shows that the cookies enriched with cocoa bean present a profile of mould in different percentages. There is however, an allowance of 1.0×104 cfu/g for yeasts and moulds for baked products to cookies belong.

The Impact of Open Sky on Airlines Theoretical Study: Case of Tunisia

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At the level of this article to understand the potential economic effects of an “open skies” agreement, in particular on competition, prices and airline profits. We will try in a first part to determine if consumers will benefit from price reductions following the entry into force of an Open Sky agreement, we will also try to see the effects of “open sky” agreements on competition.

 

Hull Form Optimization of Fishing Vessels by Adoption of Stern Wedge and Bilge Keel

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The most recent ships incorporate a number of significant design enhancements to improve the vessel’s seaworthiness. Bulbous bow, bilge keel, stern wedge, stern tunnel, spray rails, and others are examples. A stern wedge is a small modification of the buttock lines aft of station 19 1/2. The use of this hull design feature on small high-speed planning craft for the purpose of improved powering performance is an accepted naval architectural practice. However, its use on fishing vessels is uncommon. A bilge keel is a marine gear that reduces the tendency for a ship to roll. Hull shape modifications such as bilge keel can potentially increase safety by reducing roll motions. These enhancements have not been adopted or evaluated on fishing vessels, despite the fact that they have been employed on seagoing ships. The installation of bilge keels on fishing vessels was found to have a significant influence on the roll motion of the vessels, boosting their safety and efficiency. When compared to normal trawlers, the installation of bilge keels increased roll period by at least 40% and reduced roll amplitude by 16%.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Cd (II) Heavy Metal by Using Stone Apple Shell as a Low Cost Adsorbent

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The toxic element Cadmium (II) was determined by using the widely and easily available shells of fruits of stone apple with a good result. The cadmium is a highly toxic element in a trace amount also, therefore its detection is most important. In the present work the effective and powerful adsorbent properties of shells of waste fruits of stone apple (Aegle marmelos) were thoroughly studied. In this work the determination of Cadmium (II) heavy metals from the solutions of its salt were efficiently carried out. The efficiency of removal of Cd (II) was found to be 85 % at the optimum pH 6.7 and the contact time was 118 min for the toxic metal Cadmium (II). The adsorbent used in the present work was ecofriendly cost effective and easily available and will become the better substitute adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal Cd (II). The different parameters such as contact time, effect of pH, initial concentration of metal ions and amount of adsorbent on the adsorption capacity were studied by using the double beam UV-Visible Spectrophotometer.

Enumerative Functions of the Regional Representative Council in the Establishment of Legislations

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The Regional Representative Council (DPD) was established to incorporate regional interests in national policy in order to preserve national cohesion. On its voyage, however, it has become apparent that the functions and authorities of the DPD as outlined in Article 22 D of the UUD Constitution of 1945, as amended, make it difficult to accomplish the DPD’s goals and objectives. The mismatch between the concept of forming a DPD and the final result of the articulation of DPD authority in the 1945 Constitutional amendment demonstrates that the DPD position has become aimless. Even the Crown of the DPD was “dropped” a second time, as the authority conferred by the 1945 Constitution was further weakened by Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation. The goal of this study is to determine the function of the DPD in accordance with Article 22D of the UUD1945 Constitution and the DPD’s enumerative function in the drafting of legislation. In this study, the author employs a legal research method that is conducted in a normatively-juridical fashion, namely library research. The findings of this study indicate that, per Article 22D of the UUD Constitution of 1945, the DPD has a limited role in the sphere of legislation, as well as in the creation of laws and regulations and in the conduct of debates.

Burden of Income Tax and Health Care Inequalities in India- An Empirical Analysis

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Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the burden of income tax and health care inequalities in India.

Materials and Method: The data retrieved from various electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane library and other sources regarding individual income tax, allocation of GDP for health sector and the out-of-pocket expenditure of the public for the health sector among top ten GDP countries. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis.

Results: Though India ranks the fifth place in GDP, it spends only 1.4% of GDP on the health sector, which was very low when compared to top GDP countries, so the public spends more out of pocket for the health sector (67.78%), which forcibly pushes them into poverty.

Conclusion: The Government should make more effort and should allot more amount of GDP for the health sector in future for the beneficiaries of people.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Capital Structure in Food and Beverage Companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange

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The capital structure of food and beverage sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange is influenced by several variables, such as; Profitability, Liquidity and Activities of the company. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the Capital Structure of Food and Beverage Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

The population of the Food and Beverage Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014 – 2018 period is 30 companies and 11 companies can be sampled. The analysis method uses the Classical Assumption Test, Correlation Test, Multiple Linear Regression, ANOVA Test and Partial t Test, using SPSS Software Version 22.

The results showed that the Current Ratio and Asset Structure had a significant effect on the capital structure of the Food and Beverage Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, while Return on Equity had no significant effect. Taken together, ROE, CR and SA have a significant effect on the Capital Structure of Food and Beverage Sector Companies on the IDX.

Online and Offline Marketing Using Aida Framework to Increase Consumer Buying Interest (Case Study: Marissa Holiday)

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The tourism sector is one of the sectors that contributes to national GDP, foreign exchange, and employment in Indonesia. One of the reasons for the decline in the achievement of the national tourism sector in 2019 was the Covid-19 pandemic. The implementation of emergency Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) is increasing weighing the burden on business actors in the travel business segment. The marketing strategy used by Marissa Holiday at this time is to do online and offline marketing. However, in practice the online and offline marketing that is being carried out is still not running effectively. Combined with TOWS analysis, it resulted in the CRM system Marissa Holiday needed to maintain good relationships with existing customers and create opportunities for new customers. Combined online and offline marketing is also highly recommended to create opportunities in new markets such as in educational institutions for travel service providers. This study uses quantitative methods with a sample of 216 respondents. The results of this study showed that offline and online marketing had a partial and significant effect on increasing buying interest in Marissa Holiday.