Role of Aminotransferase in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia with carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action.

Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the role of aminotransferase in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology of the study: This cross sectional study was conducted in BVH, Bahawalpur during 2021. The data was collected from 100 patients of both genders. Patients whose fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dl on 2 occasion were included in the study. Patients with any concomitant diseases which can alter liver function and patient with hepatitis, alcoholic and taking any medicine were excluded from the study.

Results: The data was collected from 100 patients with a mean age of 53.72 ± 9.82 years old and mean duration of disease of 7.41 ± 6.01 years were included in the final analysis. There were no significant difference in the levels of Fas, AST, Cl, K, Ca, BUN, creatinine and uric acid in type II diabetics compared to the non-diabetic healthy control group.

Conclusion: Serum alanine aminotransferases are frequently high in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there was no association with gender, body mass index, or duration of diabetes.

Surgical Treatment of Gallstones in Patients Undergoing Gastric Bypass Surgery as a Treatment of Obesity

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Introduction: Sustained weight loss after gastric bypass is achieved by a combination of gastric restriction and a variable degree of malabsortion and has therefore a greater risk for gallstone development than purely restrictive procedures like adjustable gastric banding.

Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the surgical treatment of gallstones in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery as a treatment of obesity.

Material and methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore during 2021 to 2022. Patients who underwent bariatric surgery for obesity were included in the study. Those who had cholecystectomy before bariatric surgery, those who underwent concomitant cholecystectomy (CC) during bariatric surgery, those with concomittant gall stoness and those who did not attend their follow-up regularly were excluded from the study.

Results: The data was collected from 100 patients and we reviewed records from all patients treated for acute biliary pancreatitis. The average age was 36.43±9.52 years and, the ratio of women/men was 151 (81.6%)/34 (18.4%). Mean BMI was determined as 44.16±5.09. When comorbidities were evaluated, 116 (62.7%) patients had comorbidity, while 69 (37.3%) patients did not. Conclusion: It is concluded that prophylactic and selective management can be safely performed and the only significant difference with patients not submitted to concomitant cholecystectomy is mostly observed in operative times that are higher in those who do undergo cholecystectomy.

Analysis of Role of Turmeric in Management of Alveolar Osteitis

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Background and objective: Alveolar osteitis created disruption in healing process after clot foration but before wound organization. The main objective of the study is to analyse the role of turmeric in management of alveolar osteitis.

Material and methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in DHQ Sargodha during Nov 2019 to Jan 2020. This study was done with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. There were 180 participants in this study. Data was collected from two study groups, one was treated with turmeric and group B was treated with Zinc oxide eugenol (Alveogel).

Results: The data was collected from 180 patients, 90 patients in each group. Group A shows symtopms of pain, swelling and halitosis from second day while Group B shows all these symptoms around day 5th. According to t-test there was a significant difference between two treatments. The significant value of p < 0.05. There was no side effect of turmeric observed in our study, so it can be used as an alternative for the management of dry socket.

Conclusion: It is concluded that there are no side-effects of turmeric. Excess use of euginol, can lead to necrosis of bone. The turmeric can be used as a medicament for the management of dry socket. Excess use of eugenol can lead to necrosis of bone.

Utilization of Nanogold and Nanosilver as Drugs Delivery on Antioxidant Activity in Herbal Medicine Preparation During Pandemic Covid-19

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding nanogold and nanosilver with various concentrations on the antioxidant activity of herbal medicine made from black seed, black garlic extract, and propolis. The concentration of nanogold used was 5,10,15,20,25 and 30 ppm with 20 ppm nanosilver concentration. In this study, the activity of antioxidant compounds was tested using the DPPH method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. This study shows the percentage of free radical reduction results. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of adding nanogold in the antioxidant content of herbal medicines. The best nanogold concentration was shown at a concentration of 30 ppm, which was 84,42%. The results show that the greater the concentration of nanogold added, the greater the percent reduction.

Organochlorine Pesticide Characterisation of Emede Wetland Isoko South Delta for Pen Aquaculture in Secondary Schools as an Emerging Trend in Vocational and Technical Education in the 21st Century Nigeria

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This study is an ex-post facto research that investigated the organochlorine pesticides content of Emede wetland for its suitability for pen aquaculture in secondary school. The study answered 3 research questions and tested a hypothesis. To achieve this, the research area Emede wetland was mapped out into research cells. From each of the research cells, water samples were collected from 10 sampling spots, bulked and a composite drawn and fixed with HNO3 and stored in ice cooled boxes for laboratory analysis. The analytical standards adopted for the study were USEPA, APHA and ASTM and the analytical instrument deployed for determination of the organochlorine pesticides was EPA 8081 ECD. The mean results obtained are as follows: adrin 0.76±1.4µg/l, diedrin 1.26±0.30 µg/l, DDT 2.13±0.42 µg/l, endrin 0.62±0.55 µg/l and heptachlor 2.13±0.42 µg/l. The results obtained were subjected to test of significance with ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance deploying SPSS model 21. The p-value is 0.31 thus rejecting Ho. The study recommends that pen aquaculture should not be implemented in Emede wetland, the pollutions source should be identified and blocked and remediation should be carried out in the wetland to resuscitate the wetland to its hitherto healthy status.

Implementation of Accounting Information System and Just In Time in Increasing Employee Work Productivity

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This study aims to prove the effect of accounting information systems and Just In Time on employee productivity and the effect accounting information system on the implementation of Just In Time. The research method is descriptive quantitative with the technique of taking the sample is simple random and determining the number of samples using the Slovin formula with the number of respondents 77 people. Data collection uses a questionnaire which is distributed directly to employees at PT Distributions Bekasi who work in finance, marketing, delivery of goods, warehouse and administration. The results of the study conclude that the accounting information system and Just In Time partially have a positive and significant effect on employee productivity. likewise, the accounting information system has a positive effect on the implementation of just in time This means that the better the accounting information system and just in time will increase profits and improve the company’s position through good cost control, good delivery of goods and improving the quality of products, services and services to consumers. The results of the study have positive implications for managerial performance in controlling, planning and decision making in company operations.

Human Resource Management: A Literature Review

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This article aims to find how human resource management based on literature review from previous research from several countries around the world. This article uses search and review methods, where the review process began with a search engine, Google scholar, to search articles with keywords. The authors found the scope of the reviewed articles was still limited so it needs to be followed up related to human resource management. Result of the review show that human resource can run optimally if they apply good management. The research about this topic is limited and this article is a literature review, so further research needs to be done related to human resource management and to include other data collection methods including interview and questionnaire. The theoretical benefit of this article is to add knowledge about human resource management and the practical benefit is as an information for further research.

Production and Organoleptic Test of Hand Sanitizer Nanogold, Nanosilver, and Eucalyptus Oil in the Pandemic Covid-19

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Hand sanitizer is an antiseptic that contains alcohol and other active ingredients that can prevent and inhibit microbial infections. The use of hand sanitizer has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Hand sanitizer used continuously can cause damage to the skin because it contains harsh chemicals, such as alcohol and peroxide. Therefore, there needs to be innovation in hand sanitizer during the Covid-19 pandemic, ranging from antioxidants, antimicrobials to antivirals. The purpose of this study was to produce and conduct organoleptic tests on hand sanitizer with the addition of nanogold, nanosilver, and eucalyptus oil. The formulations used in the manufacture of this hand sanitizer have been in accordance with those set by WHO with the addition of the active ingredients nanogold, nanosilver, and eucalyptus oil. The addition of nanogold functions as an antioxidant to keep the skin healthy. Nanosilver and eucalyptus oil function as an antimicrobial to antiviral, which is suitable in the formulation of hand sanitizer during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the research at the organoleptic test stage showed that hand sanitizer with the addition of nanogold, nanosilver, and eucalyptus oil were preferred by the panelists with an average value of 3.45 in the color category, 3.95 in the fragrance category, and 3.50 in the absorption level category.

Production and Organoleptic Test of Body Sanitizer Nanogold, Nanosilver, and Eucalyptus Oil in the Pandemic Covid 19

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The body lotion is one of the cosmetic body care products used by the public, which has a moisturizing effect and is quickly absorbed by the skin. Researchers aim to produce and test organoleptic nanogold nanosilver body sanitizer and eucalyptus oil during the Covid-19 pandemic. Innovations in making hand body lotions currently need to be developed, one of which is by renewing body lotion into a body sanitizer during the Covid-19 pandemic as an antimicrobial and antiviral. The body sanitizer formulation used refers to the manufacture of body lotion in general with the addition of nanogold, nanosilver, and eucalyptus oil. The type of research used is experimental. The types of lotions compared are Body Lotion Basic (A) and Body Sanitizer Lotion Nanogold, Nanosilver, and Eucalyptus Oil (B) by organoleptic testing, including color, aroma, texture, and stickiness. The results showed that the organoleptic test of panelists acceptance of nanogold nanosilver body sanitizer and eucalyptus oil was better and more preferred than basic body lotion.

Self-Employment and Poverty in Morocco: The Case of the Informal Sector

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Among the most important sectors where self-employment is expanding are the agricultural, industrial and service sectors. Support programs to accompany self-initiative and enable the integration of the informal sector include : the “Moukawalati” program in its new version, the “Infitah” program, the “Imtyaz” program and the “Moussanada” program, in addition to the “Rawaj”, “Damane Express” and “Tatwir Express” programs. The possibility of obtaining financing is one of the difficulties for the self-employed and small businesses. In addition to this, there are problems related to management, equipment, supervision, support, lack of regular and rigorous accounting management, insufficient training provided (initial and continuing), problems in the use of new technologies and lack of knowledge related to planning and management. The system, the conditions of risk-taking, coupled with the numerous and slow administrative procedures, not to mention the difficulty in obtaining information, low competitiveness, and high costs of speculation.