Articles

Factor Analysis Which Influential on Compliance Paying Contributions to Independent BPJS Participants in the Working Area of The Kolono Community Health Center South Konawe Regency in 2025

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Background: The National Health Insurance (JKN) program organized by the Social Security Agency (BPJS) Health has a strategic role in ensuring fair, equitable, and sustainable access to health services for all Indonesians. However, the level of compliance with BPJS Mandiri participant contributions remains a problem, especially in areas with limited access to health services and diverse socio-economic conditions. Low compliance with contribution payments can impact the sustainability of the national health insurance system financing.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors that influence compliance with BPJS Mandiri participant contributions in the Kolono Community Health Center working area, South Konawe Regency, in 2025.

Method: The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 48 respondents selected through a non-probability sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire that measured motivation variables, perceptions of BPJS Kesehatan, distance to health care facilities, and income levels. Data were analyzed using statistical tests to see the relationship between independent variables and compliance with contribution payments. Results: The study showed that motivation had a significant relationship with compliance with premium payments (p = 0.046; r = 0.246), although with a weak relationship strength. Participant perceptions were significantly related to compliance (p = 0.000; r = 0.566) with a moderate level of relationship. Distance to health service facilities also showed a significant relationship (p = 0.000; r = 0.576), confirming the importance of service accessibility. In addition, income was significantly related to compliance with premium payments (p = 0.003; r = 0.374).

Discussion: Simultaneously, these four variables contributed 52.8% to compliance with BPJS Mandiri premium payments.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that increasing compliance requires a comprehensive approach through education, improving service quality, and policies that expand access and financial support for low-income communities.

Knowledge and Perception Regarding Caesarean Section Delivery and Its Determining Factors Among Married Women of Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City

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Background: A Cesarean section (CS) is a surgical procedure that can save the lives of mothers and babies when certain complications arise during pregnancy or labor. This research study assessed the knowledge level, perception and various determining factors for caesarean section among married women of reproductive age.

Method: A Cross-sectional study was conducted among 349 married women of Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City. The mixed method was used in this study; where face to face interviews were taken through semi-structured questionnaire and Likert scale for quantitative data and Key Informant Interview (KII) was completed with the obstetricians for qualitative data. Data collection was done in kobo tool which was generated to SPSS VS.20 and analyzed using Chi-square test and logistic regression for knowledge level and Man-Whitney test(U) and Kruskal–Wallis(H) test for perception where association were established with p value <0.05.

Results: Nearly six out of ten (59%) had adequate knowledge regarding caesarean section. Factors such as religion, education, gravida, previous place and previous mode of delivery were associated with the level of knowledge. In this study, respondents who had experienced previous CS and normal as well as CS were 2.822 (p=0.002) and 2.578 (p= 0.030) times respectively more likely to have adequate knowledge than those with previous normal delivery. The prevalence of CS was found to be 32.9% among the studied population. Major factors such as preferred mode and previous mode of delivery were associated with the perception. The median of perception was significantly higher among respondents who had previous experience of CS than the group who haven’t.

Conclusion: The findings indicated that most respondents had sufficient knowledge about cesarean sections (CS), despite the increasing prevalence of the procedure.  Respondents who had previously undergone a CS had a greater awareness of the procedure compared to those who had a normal vaginal delivery (NVD). Consequently, stakeholders at all levels of government should be held accountable for ensuring the quality and effectiveness of maternal and child health services provided by healthcare institutions.

An Analysis of Risk Perception and Management Among Smallholder Maize Farmers in Mazabuka District, Southern Province [2015–2017]

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Agriculture is a critical sector in Zambia, with approximately 60% of households depending on it for their livelihoods. However, smallholder maize farmers face various risks, including climate variability, pest infestations, price fluctuations, and market access. The study investigated risk perceptions of smallholder maize farmers in Mazabuka District, Southern Province of Zambia, and how these perceptions influence risk management strategies and productivity. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, collecting data from 51 randomly selected smallholder farmers using structured questionnaires. Farmers’ risk perceptions were assessed using a five-point Likert scale across three agricultural seasons (2014/15, 2015/16, and 2016/17). Findings revealed that environmental risks, particularly drought and irregular rainfall patterns, were the most significant, with 72% of respondents identifying climate change as a primary concern. Economic risks, including fluctuating maize prices and rising input costs, were reported by 65% of farmers, while 58% cited pest infestations, such as fall armyworm, as a major threat. Social risks, including labour shortages and inadequate extension services, also contributed to production challenges. In response, farmers employed various coping mechanisms, such as crop diversification (49%), reliance on government subsidies (42%), and participation in farmer cooperatives (38%). However, risk management practices remained limited due to financial constraints and lack of access to timely weather forecasts. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to strengthen smallholder farmers’ resilience by enhancing extension services, improving access to climate information, and promoting sustainable farming practices to mitigate risks and boost productivity.

Students’ Perception on The Use of Picture Series in Writing Procedure Text

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The objective of this study is to investigate the students’ perception on the use of picture series as a learning media in teaching writing of procedure text.  This qualitative design was conducted by using a purposive sampling technique to collect the data. This research involved a class which consisted of 30 students of the tenth grade of a senior high school, Tulang Bawang Barat, Indonesia.  The research data were collected by using a close ended questionnaire which measured using five-range Likert scale and analyzed descriptively. The result from this study revealed almost all of the students have positive perceptions when the teacher taught them by using the picture series. The students’ positive response reached about 80.80%, compared to the negative response only 2.20% of whole items in the questionnaire, and the rest about 17.00% belonged to the neutral. It is suggested that the using of picture series as a learning media in writing is more interesting and makes them feel easier. The use of pictures can help their difficulty in writing procedure text and encourage their motivation in learning English. Thus, the finding suggests that the English teachers should use this media in teaching writing a procedure paragraph. It is suggested also for the further researcher to explore more the benefits, challenges, and deeper impacts of this media on writing instruction.

Students’ Perception of The Implementation of Running Dictation in Teaching Reading

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This study examines students’ perceptions of using Running Dictation as a teaching strategy in reading applied by the teacher in the seventh grade of Junior High School in Bandar Lampung. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through a structured questionnaire. The sample included 20 students. The data collection technique involved distributing a closed-ended questionnaire to gather quantitative data on students’ perceptions including awareness, past experiences, motivation, knowledge, and social interaction. The questionnaire consists of 10 positive and 10 negative statements to assess students’ perception of the Running Dictation strategy. The responses were measured using a Likert scale, ranging from “Strongly Agree” to “Strongly Disagree.” The results are categorized into two main types of perceptions: positive and negative. The results indicate that most students positively perceived running dictation in reading instruction. Specifically, 10 students agreed, 7 strongly agreed, and 3 were neutral in response to statements about these benefits. Conversely, the negative statements in the questionnaire, designed to assess any difficulties or drawbacks of Running Dictation, received limited agreement. Overall, the results suggest that most students found Running Dictation beneficial, noting increased engagement and comprehension through its active and collaborative approach to reading.

Culture of Human Behavior in Architecture

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The basic process that involves human interaction with their environment is environmental information obtained by the process of perception. Perception is formed because of the interaction of a person (individual) with their life space, which is finally realised in behavioral attitudes. Thus, the behavior, response, and action are determined by personal perception. It can be argued that human psychiatry determines human behavior in the form of condition, attitude, perception, cognition, and motivation. Cognition is obtained from the culture, experience, and education that an individual owns. The aspect of cognition is an aspect of change movement because the information received determines the feeling and the willingness to do. In terms of cognition, it consists of several components, namely cognitive components that will answer the question of what people think about objects. The components of affection conation will answer what is felt (happy / not happy) to the object, and it will answer the question of the willingness to act toward the object. Each component does not stand alone, but one unity is called the cognition system. The cognition system is the result of a cognitive process. It comprises perception activities, imagination, thinking, reasoning, and decision-making.

A Study of Communication Strategies used by English Teachers and its Implication in Teaching English as a Foreign Language

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The objective of this research was to analyze the English teachers’ communication strategies and their perception during the teaching learning process.  The writer analyzed the data gained through the questionnaire by describing the English teachers’ perception about the communication strategies usually used during the teaching learning process.  She also analyzed the teachers’ communication strategies into the fourteen strategies based on to some experts, there are several types of communication strategies that can be used to solve problems in communication (Dornyei 1995, Littlewood 1984, Tarone 1980). (Tarone (1980) presents five types of communication strategies, including: paraphrase, transfer, appeal for assistance, mime, avoidance. Littlewood (1984) describes eight types of communication strategies: they are avoidable communication, adjust the message, use paraphrase, use approximation, create new words, switch to the native language, use non-linguistic resources, seek for help. Meanwhile, Dornyei (1995) stated that the three main types of communication strategies, namely: topic avoidance strategies (topic avoidance and message abandonment), compensatory strategies (approximation, word coinage, circumlocution, literal translation, code-switching, appeal for help, used all-purpose words, non-linguistic signal, foreignizing), and stalling or time gaining strategies (use of fillers/hesitation devices). The design of this research is qualitative research. The writer described the data in order to have a clear and complete description of the research result.  The researcher used the result of the English teachers’ questionnaire as the data. The sample of this research was the English teacher who lives and teach in Bandar Lampung in the academic year 2022/2023.

Roundpics Based on Process Approach to Improve Students’ Achievement in Writing

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The objectives of this study are; 1) to find out the significant difference of student’s writing achievement between those who were taught through the modified roundtable technique with a picture based on the process approach and original roundtable technique, and 2) to find out the difference of students’ perceptions between those techniques. A quantitative and qualitative study in the form of control group pretest-posttest design was conducted which involved two classes; each class consisted of 21 students of MTSS Darul Huffazh, Pesawaran, Indonesia. The data were analyzed through the independent t-test. The results show that the students’ writing achievement in the experimental class increased from 38.76 to 68.95 and there is a significant difference with the sig. (2 tailed) of 0.00 < 0.05. The result in the control class also increased from 37.81 to 49.05 and there is a significant difference with the sig. (2 tailed) of 0.00 < 0.05. Meanwhile, the result of the significance value of the experimental class and the control class is 0.00 < α = 0.05. This indicates that there is a significant difference in students’ writing achievement between the students who were taught using the modified roundtable technique with pictures and the original roundtable technique. Meanwhile, for the second research question, the researcher used a questionnaire measured using a five-range Likert scale and analyzed through the independent t-test. The results show that there was a significant difference in the students’ perceptions. The positive responses of students toward the modified roundtable technique with pictures are 74.28% and 70.95% toward the original roundtable technique. The findings suggest that language teachers need to provide other media to help students find new information easily. In conclusion, learning using modifying roundtable technique with pictures is more effective on students’ writing achievement than those who were taught through the original roundtable technique.

Sharia Banking Trust: Analyzing the Influence of Religiosity and Perceptions in Bank Sharia Bukittinggi Branch

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Research on Sharia Bank is currently relevant due to the rapid growth of the Shariah financial industry, increasing public interest, as well as government support, focusing on factors such as customer trust and the influence of religiosity and perception on customer trust.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how customer trust at the Bank Nagari Sharia Bukittinggi Branch is impacted by beliefs and religiosity. All Bank Nagari Bukittinggi City Branch customers made up the research population. The research population consisted of all customers of Bank Nagari Bukittinggi City Branch, with sampling using a purposive sampling technique which resulted in 150 respondents as samples. The analytical method used is the multiple linear analysis method.

The research results show that customer religiosity does not have a significant influence on their level of trust in Bank Nagari Syariah Bukittinggi Branch. However, customer perceptions of the bank have a significant influence on the level of customer trust in the bank.

This research provides an important contribution to understanding the factors that influence customer trust in Sharia banks, especially in the context of Bank Nagari Sharia Bukittinggi Branch. The results of this research can be a basis for the bank to improve its service and communication strategies to customers, by taking more into account customer perception factors.

Modifying Think-Pair-Share based on Suggestopedia Principles to Teach Speaking

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Every teaching method has their own disadvantages, but if they are integrated, it will make a great solution. This current research aims to intently find out the significant difference in the speaking achievement of the students who are taught through the modified think-pair-share based on suggestopedia and those who are taught through the original think-pair-share. This is a quasi-experimental research design that conducts a quantitative method. Subjects of this research are two classes of SMK N 3 Bandar Lampung. The finding shows that there is a significant difference in the increase of the score of experimental and control class after the students are taught through the methods. The t-value is 2.687 at the significant level of  0.009 which is lower than 0.05. Hence, it is concluded that applying the method of the modified think-pair-share based on suggestopedia principles can increase the students’ speaking achievement.