Articles

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity Test of Nanosilver in Body Lotion Preparation

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Nanosilver is a nanoparticle known for its good antifungal ability. This study aims to determine the synthesis process and characterization of nanosilver produced and the antifungal activity of nanosilver in body lotion preparations. Body lotion in this study was made using a body lotion base which includes stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, TEA, glycerin, olive oil and distilled water. F1, F2, and F3 have nanosilver content of 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively. F4, as the positive control, contained methylparaben and F5 as a negative control. The body lotion produced in this study has a colour, aroma and texture that panellists prefer. The body lotion produced does not irritate the skin, is homogeneous, has good spreadability and has a pH value of 7. Nanosilver in this study was synthesized using a chemical reduction method with sodium citrate as a reducer and stabilizer. The synthesized nanosilver was characterized using a Transmission electron Microscope (TEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the nanosilver’s shape, size and stability. The nanosilver produced has a round shape with an average particle diameter of 34.793 nm and has good stability because it has a wavelength absorption peak that is not large. Namely, at week-0, nanosilver has an absorption peak at a wavelength of 415.20 nm, and week-8 has an absorption peak at a wavelength of 423 nm. The antifungal activity test using the direct microscope count (DMC) method was conducted for eight weeks. Until week 8, it showed that each formulation experienced an increase in fungal hyphae, reaching 34.4% for F1, 21.2% for F2, 19.8% for F3, 16.8% for F4 and 46% for F5. From the results of this study, it can be seen that nanosilver can suppress fungal activity in body lotion preparations.

Utilization of Nanogold and Nanosilver as Drugs Delivery on Antioxidant Activity in Herbal Medicine Preparation During Pandemic Covid-19

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding nanogold and nanosilver with various concentrations on the antioxidant activity of herbal medicine made from black seed, black garlic extract, and propolis. The concentration of nanogold used was 5,10,15,20,25 and 30 ppm with 20 ppm nanosilver concentration. In this study, the activity of antioxidant compounds was tested using the DPPH method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. This study shows the percentage of free radical reduction results. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of adding nanogold in the antioxidant content of herbal medicines. The best nanogold concentration was shown at a concentration of 30 ppm, which was 84,42%. The results show that the greater the concentration of nanogold added, the greater the percent reduction.

The Effect of Nanogold-Nanosilver Injection on Increasing the Immunity of Community Affected by Covid-19

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This study aims to determine the best concentration of Nanogold and the effect of Nanogold-Nanosilver injection on increasing the immune system of people affected by Covid-19. The method used is quantitative and quantitative descriptive by observing the progress of giving injections once a month (May – November 2021) regarding the complaints experienced. The best concentration of Nanogold for injection observed on the antioxidant activity and λ maximum stability of Nanogold solution 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ppm after synthesis and after being stored for 7 days using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry instruments. Produce antioxidant activity 44,21%; 47,88%; 51,37%; 52,32%; 56,16%; 61,57%, with an IC50 of 14 ppm and a λ maximum stability of 5 – 20 ppm is stable; 25 – 30 ppm shifted by 0,50 nm. So, the best concentration of Nanogold was 20 ppm which was then characterized using the TEM instrument, resulting in an average size of 22,67 nm. A mixture of Nanogold-Nanosilver was injected into the respondents and obtained interview data after each injection. Respondents acknowledged that there was a significant difference, as evidenced by the percentage of development of body condition getting better. Thus, Nanogold and Nanosilver materials can increase immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Utilization of Nanogold and Nanosilver in Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Leaf Extract for Pandemic of Covid-19

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This research has the purpose to determine the characteristics of the synthesis of 20 ppm nanogold using TEM, determine the effect of adding nanogold on the antioxidant activity of Moringa leaves, and determine the best concentration that supports increasing antioxidant activity in Moringa leaves. Nanogold and nanosilver were synthesized using bottom-up methods. The concentrations used for Moringa leaf extract and nanogold were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppm. The concentration of the nanosilver used is 20 ppm. Nanosilver at a concentration of 20 ppm had the best inhibition of antibacterial activity. Testing of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method which was analyzed with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the TEM nanogold test have a dominant cluster size of 22.17 nm. The best test results for the antioxidant activity of Moringa leaf extract at a concentration of 30 ppm was 60.7258 ppm. The addition of nanogold with a greater concentration of 30 ppm Moringa leaf extract resulted in greater antioxidant activity. The results showed that the best concentration of nanogold as a supporter of antioxidant activity in Moringa leaves was 30 ppm with a percent reduction of 79.288 ppm (very strong category).

The Effect of Nanogold-Nanosilver to Boost Immunity in People Affected (Reactive and Positive) by Covid-19

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COVID-19 virus outbreak was first found in Wuhan China. The current COVID-19 is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). The interaction of the virus with the immune system causes the immunity of people affected by the outbreak to decrease. The combination of nanogold and nanosilver, that is an antimicrobial and antiviral agent, can inhibit the replication of the COVID-19 virus an d act as drug delivery. This research aims to determine the effect of nanogold-nanosilver that can increase immunity in people who are positively affected by the COVID-19 virus. The method used in this research was quantitative descriptive by describing the effect of the nanogold-nanosilver health drink given to increasing human immunity exposed to the COVID-19 virus seen from the number of respondent cures. The respondents consumed 500 mL of health drinks containing nanogold and nanosilver compounds with a concentration of 2 ppm per day. Based on the data obtained, the combination of nanogold and nanosilver could increase the immunity of people affected by COVID-19, marked by physical changes that became healthier, fitter and negative swab test results and accelerate the healing of COVID-19 patients.

The Effect of Nanogold-Nanosilver to Boost Immunity of People Affected by COVID-19 with Comorbidities of Diabetes Mellitus

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COVID-19 virus has spread almost all over the world, including Indonesia until now. COVID-19 in people with diabetes mellitus have a risk of exacerbating symptoms. Diabetes is a disease caused by high blood sugar levels. Nanogold has a very strong anti-oxidant capability, while nanosilver has anti-bacterial properties. In this research, nanogold-nanosilver was presented in the form of health drinking water packaged in 1 L bottles and could be consumed directly. This research aimed to determine the effect of nanogold-nanosilver to boost the immunity of people affected by COVID-19 with comorbidities of diabetes mellitus on Jl. Merr Surabaya to Juanda highway, Surabaya City. The method in this research was the lecture method at the beginning of the activity. Health Drinking Water Materials were distributed once a week, namely on Friday, July 31 to August 28, 2020. The sampling technique used accidental sampling with a total sample of 100. Interviews recording medical conditions were collected and analysed. The results obtained were a decrease in blood sugar levels to normal in patients with diabetes mellitus and the immunity of the participant volunteers was well maintained in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The age group under 39 years had the greatest decrease in blood sugar levels. In accordance with the research results, Nanogold-Nanosilver Health Drinking Water has succeeded in increasing and maintaining the immunity of participants who have comorbidities with diabetes mellitus and are affected by COVID-19. Besides, the participant survived not to be affected to COVID-19 during activities.

The Effect of Nanogold-Nanosilver to Increase the Immunity of People Affected by COVID-19 with Hypertension Comorbidities

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The SARS‐CoV‐ 2/Covid-19 Coronavirus is currently endemic throughout the world. The comorbidities of Covid-19 with the highest percentage reaching 50.5% are hypertension. Hypertension included in Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) is generally chronic. It can reduce the sufferer’s immune system gradually and is very susceptible to infections, including those caused by viral infections, one of which is the SARS-CoV-2 virus or commonly called COVID-19. Therefore, patients with NCD, especially hypertension, are encouraged to increase immunity and body immunity to avoid virus infection. Currently, nanoparticles, especially Nanogold and Nanosilver, are taking place very rapidly in the health sector because gold and silver nanoparticles have various benefits such as antioxidants, antivirals, and antibacterials. After being proven effective in dealing with leprosy patients in Surabaya, especially in terms of increasing immunity. Now Nanogold-Nanosilver was developed with the hope to help relieve Covid-19 sufferers through increasing the body’s immune system because if the body’s immune system decreases, the virus will quickly enter the body. In this study, Nanogold and Nanosilver were developed into a health water drink that volunteers can drink every day. Volunteers are people affected by Covid-19 in the Karanganyar area of Surabaya. This study uses a one-group pretest-posttest design. The data collection is carried out through direct observation and interviews with people affected by Covid-19 regularly every week. Then the data analysed using a paired T-test on the SPSS application. And obtained a P-value of 0.000, which means that there is an effect of nanogold-nanosilver for increase body immunity.

The Effect of Nanogold-Nanosilver for Immune Enhancement of Drug Abuse Victims in Areas Affected by COVID-19

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The development of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia is increasing, but until now there is no specific drug to prevent the virus. Therefore, it is necessary to do a research to produce a drug that can prevent this virus. Efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and to avoid contracting the virus can be done by strengthening the immune system. Currently, the development of nanogold and nanosilver utilization occurs very rapidly, especially in the health sector due to its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In this research, nanogold-nanosilver was presented in the form of drinking water that can be consumed directly. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of nanogold-nanosilver health drinking water on immune enhacement in terms of anxiety level, stress level, and sleep quality. This research used one group pretest-posttest design. Data collection was conducted through observation and interviews with 75 victims of drug abuse who live in areas affected by COVID-19. Data were analyzed using one paired T-test on SPSS version 25. From the statistical test results obtained p-value 0.000 in all three aspects, it means that nanogold-nanosilver had an effect to boost the immune system.