Articles

GC-MS, FTIR, and HPLC analysis of Trichoderma sps, Rhizopus sps, and Aspergillus sps of Saraca asoca for anticancer molecules

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Endophytic fungi combined with medicinal plants are reservoirs of therapeutic compounds. These endophytes are considered one of the major sources of bioactive molecules used in different aspects of health care. The present study attempted to assess the possibility of using the endophytic extract. The study showed a complete endophytic extract by using the GC–MS profile, indicating the presence of different volatile molecules in the endophytic extract. The HPLC fingerprint of S. asoca endophytic extract represents the characteristic markers of this herb. The endophytic extract’s HPLC showed caffeine, a Ret Time [min]- 3.052, and a Width [min]- 0.1322. The FTIR analysis of the functional groups present in the Trichoderma sps are =C-H (Alkynes, Amides), O-H (Carboxylic acids), C=C(Alkynes), C=C (Aromatic compounds), C-F (Alkyl and Aryl Halides). These functional groups are used in the production of antibiotics and antifungal drugs. The GC-MS study of the endophytic extract showed the presence of 59 compounds, which possessed anticancer properties. The anticancer activity was studied further.

Various Analytical Methods for Analysis of Sitagliptin – A Review

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Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl- peptidase inhibitor used to treat high blood sugar levels caused by type2 diabetes. Absorption of Sitagliptin is 87% orally bioavailable and taking it with or without food does not affect its pharmacokinetics. Sitagliptin reaches maximum plasma concentration in 2 hours. Now in this present analytical research world quality by design or design by expert technique is used to get improved method for method validation. This concise review work can guide an analyst to choose most appropriate method for a best analytical method development and validation. This assessment encompasses various analytical methods such as UV Spectrophotometry, High performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], Liquid chromatography – Mass spectrometry (LC-MS), High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and Ultra performance liquid chromatrography (UPLC) for the estimation of sitagliptin in single and/or in combination.

A Review of Analytical Methods on Carbamazepine an Antiepileptic Drug

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Carbamazepine is used to control and treat bipolar 1 disorder’s acute manic and mixed episodes, trigeminal neuralgia, and epilepsy. Generalized tonic seizures (grand mal), mixed seizure patterns, and partial seizures with complicated sympatomatology (psychomotor, temporal lobe) are the only indications for epilepsy. Trigeminal neuralgia or tic douloureux are first-line conditions for which carbamazepine is FDA-recommended. In individuals with acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar 1 mania, a comprehensive evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of carbamazepine extended release. Carbamazepine is contraindicated in patients with bone marrow depression and hypersensitivity to this drug or tricyclic compounds such as amitriptyline. Dizziness, sleepiness, ataxia, nausea, and vomiting are some of the most typical adverse effects of carbamazepine. With the ability to penetrate the placenta and pass through breast milk in nursing infants, carbamazepine necessitates a choice between stopping the medication in the mother or stopping nursing. Different analytical techniques developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the determination of carbamazepine, including High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), mass spectrometric, Liquid chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), and UV-Spectrophotometry has been explained in this article as it is important to analyze the drug content and % purity  in bulk and Pharmaceutical formulations for quality control purpose.

Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compound by Bacterial Cultures

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In the present study biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) compound Naphthalene by four bacterial cultures Bacillus subtilis PD6, Bacillussp. PD9, Enterobactersp. PD11 and Bacillussp. PD14 has been targeted. Biodegradation of Naphthalene by these four selected bacterial cultures was analysed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) technique. HPLC analysis revealed biodegradation of naphthalene by all the four bacterial cultures within a span of six days. Highest biodegradation 78.1% has been shown by Bacillus subtilis PD6 while other bacterial cultures Bacillus sp. PD9 has shown 77.90%, Enterobacter sp. PD11 showed 74.4% and Bacillus sp. PD14 exhibited 73.5% biodegradation of naphthalene.