Articles

A Review of Analytical Methods on Carbamazepine an Antiepileptic Drug

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Carbamazepine is used to control and treat bipolar 1 disorder’s acute manic and mixed episodes, trigeminal neuralgia, and epilepsy. Generalized tonic seizures (grand mal), mixed seizure patterns, and partial seizures with complicated sympatomatology (psychomotor, temporal lobe) are the only indications for epilepsy. Trigeminal neuralgia or tic douloureux are first-line conditions for which carbamazepine is FDA-recommended. In individuals with acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar 1 mania, a comprehensive evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of carbamazepine extended release. Carbamazepine is contraindicated in patients with bone marrow depression and hypersensitivity to this drug or tricyclic compounds such as amitriptyline. Dizziness, sleepiness, ataxia, nausea, and vomiting are some of the most typical adverse effects of carbamazepine. With the ability to penetrate the placenta and pass through breast milk in nursing infants, carbamazepine necessitates a choice between stopping the medication in the mother or stopping nursing. Different analytical techniques developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the determination of carbamazepine, including High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), mass spectrometric, Liquid chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), and UV-Spectrophotometry has been explained in this article as it is important to analyze the drug content and % purity  in bulk and Pharmaceutical formulations for quality control purpose.

Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compound by Bacterial Cultures

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In the present study biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) compound Naphthalene by four bacterial cultures Bacillus subtilis PD6, Bacillussp. PD9, Enterobactersp. PD11 and Bacillussp. PD14 has been targeted. Biodegradation of Naphthalene by these four selected bacterial cultures was analysed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) technique. HPLC analysis revealed biodegradation of naphthalene by all the four bacterial cultures within a span of six days. Highest biodegradation 78.1% has been shown by Bacillus subtilis PD6 while other bacterial cultures Bacillus sp. PD9 has shown 77.90%, Enterobacter sp. PD11 showed 74.4% and Bacillus sp. PD14 exhibited 73.5% biodegradation of naphthalene.