Articles

Analysis of Risk Factors for Death in COVID-19 Patients at Bahteramas Regional General Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has been classified as a pandemic since 2020.

Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for death due to COVID-19 at the Bahteramas Public Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province.

Method: This research is a retrospective analytic study with a cross sectional approach. The number of samples is 85 samples. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The data were processed using the Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio.

Results: This study shows that 47 people died at the Bahteramas Hospital in Southeast Sulawesi Province from March to November 2020, the variable age (p value = 0.001 and OR value 5.216), gender (p value = 0.078 and OR value = 2.180), hypertension variable (p value = 0.071 and OR value = 2.510), and diabetes mellitus variable (p value = 0.013 and OR value = 3.300).

Conclusion: Age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for death due to COVID-19 at Bahteramas Public Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province.

 

The Influence of Good Corporate Governance on Firm Value before and during COVID-19 in Indonesia

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This study investigates the impact of independent commissioners, audit committees, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership on the firm value of Indonesian manufacturing companies, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a quantitative research design and associative research approach, our findings reveal a positive relationship between independent commissioners and firm value, supporting existing literature on the role of independent commissioners in enhancing corporate governance. Conversely, the analysis indicates a negative influence of audit committees on firm value, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to their formation to avoid undue restrictions on managerial autonomy. The examination of institutional and managerial ownership’s effects on firm value yields inconclusive results, suggesting the need for further exploration. Additionally, our study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firm value using a dummy variable and a t-test, revealing no significant change in values during the pandemic. The focus on the Indonesian manufacturing sector provides valuable context, suggesting potential sector-specific resilience to pandemic challenges. Overall, this research contributes nuanced insights into corporate governance dynamics and their resilience in the face of unprecedented global events.

Experience of Pregnant Mothers Suffering from Covid-19 during Pregnancy until Childbirth in Indonesia

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The outbreak of COVID-19 becomes a pandemic with many psychological impacts on humans, the disease that attacks the respiratory system has a negative impact on health. The aim of this study was to find out how the experience of a pregnant mother who suffered from Covid-19 during pregnancy to childbirth, using qualitative methods this study took as many as 12 pregnant mothers suffering from COVID-19 during the pregnancies as participants to be interviewed with the age range of 25-36 years. The results of the in-depth interview were processed using the Collaizi and NVivo methods. The results obtained five themes, namely mother’s knowledge about the transmission of Covid-19, symptoms experienced when infected, emotional reactions of mothers during infection, changes in emotional responses during childbirth and still infected with COVID-19, as well as family responses in accompanying mothers who are going to give birth. The conclusion of the study was that the participants experienced the transmission of Covid-19 from the surrounding environment through both direct and indirect contact, and the symptoms that appeared vary from symptoms, fever, and loss of sensory function, a variety of feelings of fear, sadness, stress and distress but there are also those who have confidence. Feelings of concern and fear for themselves and their babies vulnerable to exposure to the virus, the response from the family when the participants were infected with COVID-19 generally provided both moral and material support, but there were also participants who did not get support and even stay away from the participants.

Data-Driven Decision Making: Financial and Risk Analysis on Equipment Procurement at PT ABC Using Predictive Data Estimation, NPV Analysis, Owner Estimate, and Monte Carlo Simulation

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This research delves into strategic financial management solutions for PT ABC during the COVID-19 pandemic, concentrating on the procurement of vital airport equipment. It examines the feasibility of securing essential equipment such as ARFF vehicles, X-ray machines, ambulances, and narcotics & explosive detectors amidst financial challenges. Utilizing financial models like predictive data estimation, Net Present Value (NPV) analysis, owner estimates, and Monte Carlo simulations, the study evaluates risk probabilities and distributions linked to different procurement strategies. The research underscores the pandemic’s profound impact on the global aviation sector, notably the steep decline in passenger traffic and resulting financial strains on PT ABC. Facing stringent regulatory obligations and the urgent need for equipment upgrade, the study investigates cost-effective procurement avenues, weighing the benefits of leasing against purchasing, given the company’s constrained cash flow. The study navigates through the challenges of limited RFI data and internal corporate regulations that restrict leasing durations. It provides a detailed financial analysis to pinpoint the most economical vendors and procurement approaches, leveraging owner estimates as a negotiation tool. Risk evaluation is conducted via Monte Carlo simulation, offering insights into the likelihood and impact of procurement-related risks. Concluding, the research finds that PT ABC can best manage its procurement needs by opting for leasing over buying. This approach aligns with the company’s financial strategy amidst the crisis, allowing for the acquisition of necessary equipment within financial limits. The study identifies Vendor A for ARFF vehicles, Vendor D for X-ray machines, Vendor E for ambulances, and Vendor G for narcotics & explosive detectors as the most cost-effective choices. Leasing, particularly on a 3-year term, emerges as the most viable financial option, in compliance with PT ABC’s internal regulations and operational requirements. Utilizing owner estimates for negotiations ensures more cost-effective procurement. The Monte Carlo simulation proves invaluable in evaluating procurement risks, indicating a higher risk associated with buying than leasing. This research aids PT ABC in strategic decision-making for equipment procurement, offering lessons for the broader aviation sector navigating post-pandemic recovery.

Abnormal Returns around the Announcement of Covid-19 Cases on Stock Prices in Indonesia

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The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is a difference in abnormal returns on the day around the first announcement of the COVID-19 case and to find out whether there is a difference in abnormal returns after and before the first announcement of the COVID-19 case in Indonesia in pharmaceutical industry stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study are pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. While the sampling technique was purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used in this study was a one-sample t-test on normally distributed data and one sample Wilcoxon signed ranked test for abnormally distributed data for days around the announcement of Covid 19. The results of this study show whether there is no difference in abnormal returns around the announcement of Covid -19. And also there is no difference in abnormal returns 5 days before and after the announcement of Covid 19.

Strategic Management of COVID 19 Pandemic; Response and Preparedness in Sri Lanka

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Serious pandemic of COVID -19 a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2, which was first discovered in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan. This highly infective SARS-CoV-2 virus is spreading from person to person through close contact, and the common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath while muscle pains, loss of smell and taste, diarrhea, abdominal pain and throat ache are other symptoms, which have frequently recorded. This serious pandemic of COVID -19 has threatening lives of people and claimed 682,421,707 patients and 6,819,238 deaths worldwide to date of 19th March 2023. The first COVID-19 case in Sri Lanka on 27th January 2020, who was a 44 year old female tourist from Hubei Province China, and the first local case was reported on 11th of March 2020, who was a travel guide.

Aim of this article is to describe the effectiveness of COVID-19 response and preparedness especially on patient care management. A descriptive study was conducted through Key Informant Interviews, data gathering through desk review of records and reports published. Multi strategic approach that was used in the Sri Lankan health sector to combat COVID – 19 pandemic. Strategies done were; system development (curative and preventive services), infrastructure development and improvement of facilities, staff wellbeing and protection, continuation of normal patient care services, intersectoral coordination and collaboration, special projects in relation to COVID – 19 pandemic, leadership and governance, supervision and monitoring, and public / community empowerment. These strategies has reflected in managing COVID – 19 pandemic and similar strategies with modification can be implemented in future pandemic situations. Further, it is recommended to do in-depth studies to understand the interventions done in specific areas, effectiveness of interventions, and gaps of intervention done and to mitigate the gaps for better response system in order to build a resilient health system.

The Results of Vaccination and Reversed After Vaccination of Coronavirus Infection in Fergana Region for 2021–2022

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In this study, an analysis of the incidence of COVID–19 in the Fergana region was carried out, the number of vaccinated vaccination coverage and those who recovered after vaccination with COVID–19 was determined. The incidence was studied for the period from March 2020 to 2022. Since vaccination began in 2021, we analyzed those vaccinated and recovered from 2021 to 2022. The dynamics of the incidence of COVID–19 in the Fergana region was undulating. During the surveyed period, the intensive indicator of the incidence of COVID–19 was as follows: in the city of Fergana (887.6), Kuvasay–1169.5, Kuva–995, Sokh–737.2, Yazyavan–781, Altiarik–610.1, Fergana–472 cases per 100,000 populations. During this period, more than 7 million doses of COVID–19 vaccines were administered, and no side effects of the vaccines used were observed among those vaccinated.

Analysis of Social and Behavioral Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic in Community-dwelling Older Adults Screened for Insomnia

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Objectives: This study sought to understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults screened for the Nursing Diagnosis Insomnia (00095).

Methods: Secondary cross-sectional data analysis from a parent study on insomnia in older adults, using Bardin (2011) content analysis. Data from 77 older adults were collected from qualitative February to May 2021 in the pandemic period.

Results: Four thematic categories emerged: (1) Physical exercises; (2) Social impacts; (3) Physical and mental health; (4) Finances. The Physical and mental health category was most representative both in negative perceptions and in positive or neutral perceptions about the pandemic. The excess of bad news generates a negative perception. On the other hand, some older adults enjoyed benefits, such as improved sleep.

Discussion: The verbalized feelings are interconnected, and these spheres of life complement each other, interfering with each other. It is suggested to produce nursing strategies for older people and studies that address nursing interventions in pandemic periods.

Global Fear, Hopelessness and Media Overexposure of the Danger of COVID-19: A Cross-cultural Research

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This study analyzes the role of mass media in inducing hopelessness and fear at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was conducted online in three Asian (China, India, and Indonesia) and three European (Bulgaria, Germany, and Hungary) countries. A total of 2617 participants, between 18 and 80 years, completed an online version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and an additional questionnaire including multiple demographic characteristics. Data obtained show that Asians, compared to Europeans, demonstrated a higher level of hopelessness at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both gender and age have been found to influence levels of hopelessness, but their impact varies across cultures. In addition, data show that some demographic factors such as education, marital status, and established religiosity influence the degree of pessimism and hopelessness. This influence varies in Asian and European cultural environments. For example, highly educated representatives of both cultures display low levels of hopelessness, while those with less education demonstrate extremely high levels of hopelessness. Regarding family status and religiosity, the trends are different. The hopelessness levels increase among single and divorced Europeans and decrease among the married and those cohabiting with a partner. Unlike Europeans, only married Asians demonstrate low levels of hopelessness. Regarding religiosity, the results show that religious individuals display low levels of hopelessness, while among atheists in both cultures, these levels are dramatically high. Findings suggest that media overexposure to the danger of COVID-19, leads to an increase in hopelessness and, in turn, increases in stress, anxiety, and depression.

Social Practices of Covid-19 Resilient Village in Mitigating the Covid-19 Pandemic Disaster in Jember, Indonesia

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Covid-19, a global pandemic disaster since early 2020, has affected the Jember District. Lawgriez Village, as a selected resilient village, was chosen as a pilot village through a competition organized by the Regent of Jember at that time. There are good social practices in mitigating the Covid-19 pandemic in this village. These social practices include habitus, economic capital, social capital, cultural capital, and symbolic capital, and the domain of Lawgriez Village serves as the strength of this village in implementing policies for mitigating the Covid-19 pandemic along with its health protocols. The theory used in this research is the theory of social practice by Pierre Bourdieu. A qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach was chosen by the researcher to determine, examine, and analyze the data and techniques during data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Purposive sampling was selected as the technique for determining informants. The social practices of the Covid-19 resilient village are institutionalized within a structured institution of the resilient village, accompanied by cooperation from various stakeholders. The self-created and responsive social practices in tackling the Covid-19 pandemic are inseparable from the unity and solidarity of Lawgriez residents. The branding of Lawgriez as a village located near the RSTP Jember has become a reinforcing identity and distinctive characteristic known to the people of Jember.