Land Suitability Analysis of Coffee (Coffea arabica), Pineapple (Ananas comosus) and Mango (Mangifera indica) for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Land suitability assessment is critical for sustainable agricultural planning, especially in Burkina Faso’s Sudano-Sahelian zone, where soil deterioration and nutrient deficits limit perennial crop development. Pineapple, coffee, and mango are commercially attractive crops that have the potential to diversify rural livelihoods and increase food security. The objective of this study is to evaluate the land suitability for pineapple, coffee, and mango based on the soil physical and chemical properties in Saaba. A soil profile was conducted to determine the physical features, and soil samples were collected and examined to determine the chemical characteristics. Physical soil parameters, such as texture, rooting medium, and depth, showed high appropriateness (S1) for pineapple and mango. However, coffee was classified as not suitable (N) because to its shallow soil depth (<40 cm). Chemical characteristics indicated an appropriate pH (5.7-5.8). Exchangeable potassium (48.54-79.25 mg/kg) was consistently classed as highly suitable (S1) across all crops. However, available phosphorus levels were dangerously low (0.88-2.44 mg/kg), resulting in a “not suitable” (N) rating for all samples and crops. Organic matter differed significantly: Sample 1 (0.73% OM) was classed as non-suitable for all crops, whereas Samples 2 and 3 were moderately acceptable (S2) for pineapple and mango but only marginally appropriate (S3) for coffee. The primary limitations to land suitability for perennial crops in the study area are severe phosphorus deficiency and organic matter depletion. Although pH and potassium are favorable, sustainable production of pineapple, coffee, and mango requires interventions such as phosphorus fertilization and organic matter restoration. Pineapple and mango are more adaptable to current soil conditions, while coffee should be grown in areas with higher organic matter and robust soil management.