Legal Equivalence in International Agreements Case Study: Morocco-European Union Agreement Association

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This study is comparative, qualitative and exploratory in nature. It aims at exploring the types of equivalence and translation procedures used in legal translations. The representative data consists of three authentic versions of the Morocco-European Union Association Agreement. This study has started by providing a brief overview of the translation theories and schools of thought as well as the issue of equivalence in translation, important translation techniques and procedures often employed in the translation of law are presented, discussing each translation procedure and its applicability to legal translation, and then a succinct description of the Morocco-EU FTA Association. This is followed by a comparative analysis of the English, French and Arabic translations in relation to the translation procedures used by translators. Because this study is mainly descriptive, Gideon Toury‘s comparative analysis translation approach will be used. It consists of the identification of the source text, and then the mapping of target text’s segments on their counterparts in order to determine the relationships that link a target text to its source.

Coaching Effectiveness in Ideation of PLN LDP Level 3

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This study evaluates the effectiveness of coaching in the Ideation of Leadership Development Program (LDP) Level 3 at PT. PLN (Persero), focusing on Coach-Client Relationship theories (Diller et al., 2022) and the ADKAR model by Hiatt (2006). It investigates the influence of coach-coachee dynamics, including Working Alliance – Task and Goal, Perceived Empathy, Perceived Need Supportive Behavior, and Closeness, on the success of the coaching process. Additionally, the research assesses the ADKAR model’s components (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement) and Team Effectiveness based on Process Criteria (Effort-Related, Strategy-Related, and Knowledge & Skill-Related) in group project facilitation. Utilizing a quantitative approach, online questionnaires were distributed to 19 individuals who met the necessary criteria, including being participants in two coaching sessions of Ideation 3 Batch 5 and holding positions as potential leaders three tiers beneath the board of directors, consisting of Managers in Service Units, Vice Presidents in subsidiaries, and Assistant Vice Presidents. The responses then would be analyzed via IBM SPSS 27.0. Results indicate significant correlations between Coach-Client Relationship, ADKAR model, and Team Effectiveness, enhancing the understanding of coaching in personnel development. This finding highlights the necessity of a well-aligned coaching process to foster effective individual change readiness. Moreover, the finding also reveals that the coaching process extends beyond individual development and has a significant influence on team collaboration and effectiveness. A well-aligned coaching process can more effectively prepare individuals for the transitions and developments required in leadership roles and equip them to contribute positively to team environments. While this study contributes to a better understanding of coaching as a method for people development, there are some limitations concerning the sample and limited time of the study. Future research with a larger and varied sample, across-case data collection, and various additional data is needed. Testing with before-after questionnaires, forum group discussions, and a mixed-method approach would be particularly interesting, including diverse leadership levels and genders.

Improving Refuelling Flowtime at Fuel Terminal X PT AAA

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This research evaluates the performance of fuel distribution services by PT AAA at Terminal X, focusing on meeting the operational target of 14 hours per day. The average service level during the assessment period was 56%, revealing a significant operational gap of 44% exceeding the target due to delays in truck refueling attributed to long queues, administrative processes, and technical disruptions. By analyzing data with the SIOD application and employing the 5 Whys method for root cause analysis, delays in refueling trucks, exceeding contract targets by 20%, were identified. Reducing refueling time could save PT BBB, a stakeholder, IDR 574 million annually in overtime expenses and mitigate worker fatigue and incidents during late-night work. Practical recommendations include improving operational hours, efficiency, and safety by identifying constraints and defects to align with target operational time in contractual obligations between PT AAA and PT BBB.

The Influence of Electronic Service Quality, Sales Promotion, and Product Variation on Purchase Decisions and Satisfaction: a Study on BUKALAPAK

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Bukalapak, as one of the most popular online shopping applications in Indonesia, faces challenges in satisfying its customers. Despite offering a variety of products and services, there are significant complaints regarding the quality of service and the conducted promotions. This research aims to evaluate how product variation, sales promotions, and electronic service quality at Bukalapak influence purchase decisions and customer satisfaction, as well as the extent to which each of these factors impacts the decisions and satisfaction of Bukalapak’s customers. The study employs a quantitative method, collecting data through a survey distributed via Google Form, and selecting samples using non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. Respondents included those who have shopped at Bukalapak while residing in Indonesia, including millennials, Generation X, and Generation Z. For data analysis, the research utilizes the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique with the assistance of SmartPLS software. The results of this research indicate that respondents rate the electronic service quality, sales promotions, and product variation offered by Bukalapak, as well as the purchase decisions and customer satisfaction at Bukalapak, as Very Good. Electronic service quality, sales promotions, and product variation have a positive and significant impact on both purchase decisions and satisfaction.

Conservation and Population Status of Freshwater Fishes from Kelekar River, South Sumatra, Indonesia

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This study assessed the conservation and population status of the fish species collected from the Kelekar river. This study was conducted between May 2022 and June 2023. A total of   1.267 fish belonging to 49 species and 19 families were recorded. Cyprinidae was found to be the richest family (18 species) followed by Osphronemidae (5 species), Channidae (4 species), Siluridae (3 species), Bagridae, Claridae, Pangasidae, Pristolepidae (2 species), and others (1 species). The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was 3.547. The Simpson’s dominance index was 0.035, and the Evenness index was 0.921. The biodiversity index of the Kelekar river was in the high category. Base on the latest IUCN red list, one species as data deficient, forty-three species as least concern, two species as near threatened, two species as vulnerable, and one species as critically endangered. The IUCN based population status of fish species present in the Kelekar River was unknown (35%), stable (47%), and decreasing (18%).

Developing Self-Learning Competence for Students Based on Learning Theories Combined With the Support of AI Chatbot in Teaching

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To ensure the educational goals of the 21st century, creating a “learning society” and “lifelong learning,” the development of self-learning competence in the teaching process is crucial. Constructivism and Metacognition theories have shown that teachers need to create a learning environment that helps learners build and create knowledge for themselves based on thinking, exploration, and practice. This approach aids in the development of students’ self-learning competence. AI Chatbot serves as an effective tool in building a virtual assistant, a virtual practice medium that allows students to interact, inquire, and experience 24/7 from anywhere. With AI Chatbot, students will receive support according to their needs, desires, and self-awareness levels. Moreover, AI Chatbot provides a suitable environment for developing self-learning competence for students.

Review of the OSI Model and TCP/IP Protocol Suite on Modern Network Communication

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Layered approaches to networking are possible. Network architects categorize protocols in order to simplify their designs. Each layer has its own protocol for talking to the outside world. Every component of the network implements some of the nth layer. Messages are sent back and forth between these parts. Layer n protocol data units [n-PDU] are the official name for these transmissions. All the steps necessary for efficient conversation are covered and these steps are organized into layers for easy comprehension. Layered architecture describes this kind of planning for a communications system. The OSI model is a framework for developing and implementing network-based software applications. It also serves as a basis for the development of new networking protocol hardware, and architectures. This document compares and contrasts the OSI Reference Model seven layers with those of the TCP/IP Model four. There are distinct roles at each successive level. All Internet communication duties may be traced back to the TCP/IP reference model.

Effect of Goat Dung Charcoal Blend of Lontar Shell and Other Biomass on Physical and Chemical Properties of Biocharcoal Briquettes

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This study aims to determine the physicochemical properties of biocharcoal briquettes blend of goat dung charcoal, lontar shell charcoal and various biomasses. This study used a completely randomised design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were T1: 50% goat dung charcoal + 40% lontar shell charcoal + 10% lontar male fruit charcoal, T2: 50% goat dung charcoal + 40% lontar shell charcoal + 10% rice husk charcoal, T3: 50% goat dung charcoal + 40% lontar shell charcoal + 10% corn cob charcoal, T4: 50% goat dung charcoal + 40% lontar shell charcoal + 10% lamtoro twigs charcoal. The variables studied were briquette yield, density, moisture content, ash content, calorific value, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. The statistical analysis showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on density, moisture, ash content, calorific value, volatile matter, and fixed carbon, but no significant effect (P>0.05) on yield. The average of yield 56.41%, density 0.68g/cm3, moisture  5.39%, Ash 22.24%, fixed carbon 43.04%, volatile matter of 29.34% and calorific value 4555.67 cal/g.  It was concluded that biocharcoal briquettes produced blend of goat dung charcoal, lontar shell, and various biomasses (lontar male fruit, rice husk, corn cob and lamtoro twigs) had varying physical and chemical properties, but in this study using lontar male fruit charcoal, rice husk and lamtoro twig, were better.

Effect of Aquifer Strength and Gas-cap Size on Oil Recovery Efficiency in Thin-Oil Rim

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Recovering oil from thin oil rim reservoirs depends on some factors such as the gas-cap size, thickness of initial oil column, aquifer strength, permeability anisotropy (kV/kH), and rock and fluid properties. The arbitrary selection of these factors by researchers during investigation limits the systematic assessment of the influence of these factors on hydrocarbon recovery from thin oil rim reservoirs. This work investigated the effect of aquifer strength, gas cap size, and permeability anisotropy on hydrocarbon recovery, using design of experiment (DOE) as a tool in the systematic selection of some of the factors that influence hydrocarbon recovery. A static model of the base case oil rim was built in Petrel. Using Eclipse simulator, two other reservoir models having different gas cap sizes from the base case were built. Forty-eight simulation cases were generated using the result from the design of experiment (DOE). The aquifer model used is a Fetkovich analytical aquifer model, and the aquifer volume factors used for this investigation are 0.7, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5, while the gas cap sizes (m-factor) used are 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0.  The permeability anisotropy used are 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.40. Each simulation case was made to run for a period of twenty years (20years) and the results for the Field Oil Efficiency (FOE), Field Water Production Total (FWPT) and Field Gas Production Total (FGPT) were obtained and analyzed. It was found from this study that, the oil percentage recovery will increase as the gas cap size is decreased, while the percentage gas and water recoveries will increase as the size of the gas cap is increased for a thin oil rim reservoir. Again, for a thin oil rim reservoir with gas cap size of 0.50 ≤ m ≤ 2.00, percentage recovery of gas, oil and water will increase with aquifer volume. Also, based on the result obtained, a thin oil rim reservoir with small to moderate gas cap size (0.5≤ m≤1.0) will yield higher oil recoveries irrespective of the kV /kH ratio.

The Influence of Augmented Reality on Purchase Intentions through Consumers of Madame Gie Products

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Beauty products are needed by every individual, with various types of products offered, including quality, price, brand, and packaging. Therefore, the Purchase intentions of beauty products are very diverse. Madame Gie is one of the beauty product brands that has plunged into the use of Augmented Reality to make it easier for consumers to choose product variances. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Augmented Reality experiences on the purchase intention of Madame Gie products in Bandung, with Consumers’ Control as an intervening variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire through Google Form of 385 samples and analyzed by the Smart-PLS statistical program based on this research, the AR experience positively influences consumer Purchase Intention toward Madame Gie products. Consumer’s Control also plays a crucial role in the relationship between AR experience and Purchase Intention. Therefore, companies need to consider the importance of giving control to consumers in AR technology usage to maximize its impact on consumer purchase intention and enhance the performance of their beauty product marketing.