Nickel Price Projection Using Multivariate Regression Method and Investment Feasibility Analysis of Nickel Mining in Indonesia with Sensitivity Analysis and Monte Carlo

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Nickel is one of the metals commonly used in various industries. Indonesia is one of the countries that has the largest nickel reserves in the world. Nickel prices will be formed through an equilibrium mechanism between production supply and nickel demand. This study will analyse the relationship between nickel price formation, supply, and demand. Nickel prices will also affect the feasibility of nickel mining investment in Indonesia. The data used in this study consists of market data derived from historical reports of the last 5 – 12 years (2010 – 2022) and mining plan assumptions derived from benchmarks with similar industries. The methods used in this analysis are multivariate regression, discounted cash flow, sensitivity analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. The results of the analysis that have been carried out show the relationship between nickel supply and demand with prices, with estimated nickel price projection ranging from $16,750 / Ton – to $18,927 / Ton. The factors that most influence the feasibility of mining investment are nickel price, sales realization, water content, contractor costs, and fuel costs. The risk of nickel mining investment in Indonesia based on Monte Carlo simulations is estimated at around 11.36%. This shows that nickel mining investment in Indonesia is still very attractive.

Pathological Study of Rare Case of Duodenal Leiomyosarcoma in a Labrador Dog

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The leiomyosarcoma is a tumor of mesenchymal origin of smooth, malignant, slow-growing muscles. The present study reports a case of duodenal leiomyosarcoma in Labrador dog. A 6 year old black female Labrador dog with history off feed, vomition and melena brought for necropsy examination. Gross lesions revealed tennis ball size tumorus mass at the initial portion of duodenum resulting into the obstruction of intestinal lumen. Microscopically, duodenum with tumours mass revealed smooth muscle bundles arranged in all the directions having elongated blunt ended nuclei along with numerous blood vessels and mitotic figure which is indicative of leiomyosarcoma.

Several Teaching Methods Combined with the Support of AI Chatbot to Develop Self-Learning Competency for Students

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Developing competency and especially self-study competency for students is one of the requirements in the 2018 General Education Program. Developing self-study competency for students is an inevitable trend of all times. , because the educational process is essentially the process of transforming the object of education (student) from an object of education into a subject of self-education. Based on the identification of three concepts: Teaching method, AI Chatbot and self-learning competency, we summarize the teaching method to develop competency and AI Chatbot. Next, illustrate the development of self-study competency for students using three teaching methods: differentiated teaching, Exploratory learning and using experiments in teaching combined with the support of AI Chatbot and from there affirms that students truly develop self-study competency.

Navigating Change to Integrate Employee Perceptions into the Strategic Landscape of Business Split: A Study of PT Jasa Yuwana’s Potential Business Split

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Organizational change is important for business evolution, as it can impact the business direction and employees’ perceptions. Although intimidating, organizational changes can offer opportunities for growth and advancement when effectively managed. PT Jasa Yuwana, known for its assurance services, faces challenges due to low revenue growth over the past five years in assurance services, constraints in revenue optimization, and positive prospects in consulting business. It is crucial for the Company to understand employee perceptions as it plans a split. This study evaluates employee perceptions and suggests strategies for the new entity, NewCo. The main factors affecting perception are Healthy relationships with the employer/leaders and Application of skills and knowledge. To develop a growth strategy that focuses on strengths and opportunities, NewCo can use tools like the IE Matrix and TOWS Matrix. The implementation of the SO strategy is crucial for post-split survival, with employee retention being key to long-term competitiveness.

Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts Against Stored-Product Pest Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Confusum (Jacquelin Du Val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Adults

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The efficacy of five plant extracts, Lantana camara, Ruta chalepensis, Rhazya stricta, Heliotropium bacciferum and Marrubium vulgare against Tribolium confusum ware investigated by admixing plant extract with wheat grains. Mortality (%) increased with increasing concentrations, exposure periods and varying from plant to plant. L.camara and R. chalepensis induced the highest percent of mortalities (95.4 and 93.8%) at 500 ppm after 6 days of exposure respectively, for T. confusum, followed by Rh. Stricta, M. vulgare and H. baccifirum. (91.4, 84.5 and 83,3%) respectively. The lowest LC50s were for L. camara and R. chalepensis (114.61 and 117.78 ppm), after 6 days from exposure respectively, followed by Rh. Stricta, M. vulgare and H. bacciferum (175.48, 251.99 and 309.67 ppm respectively. The rate of repellency increased with increase of dose level.  L. camara had the lead in repellent action where repellent percentage was 100 % at 500 ppm followed by R. chalepensiswith, 91%. The repellency rates of other plant extracts were between 50.22 -66.54 at the same concentration which had a moderate repellent action. Statistical analysis showed that all plant extracts revealed significant deference except between H. bacciferum and M. vulgare. Among all the plant extracts L.camara and R. chalepensi were generally more toxic than other plant extracts against T. confusum.

Efficacy of Botanical Oils on Adult Mortality, Egg Laying, Hatchability and Adult Emergence of Callosobruchus. Maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchidae)

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The cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, is the major insect pest that threatens effective legume storage. The laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of four different botanical oils (Clove, Eucalyptus, Jojoba and Lemon) against the cowpea weevil, C. maculatus by using residual film technique. All the botanical oils were applied at two different concentration levels (0/50 and 0.75%). The results showed that all used oils significantly increased the mortality and reduced the mean number of eggs laying, hatchability and emergence percentages compared to the untreated control. The treatment of cowpea seeds with oils reduced slightly the germination but swelling percentage was higher in treated seeds than control. The results also indicated variation in the activity of botanical oils regarding the stage of the insect, the plant origin of the oils and concentration level. The present study suggested that botanical oils (Clove, Eucalyptus, Jojoba and Lemon) may be preferred option than conventional pesticides far the protecting stored pulse grains against stored products insect pests’ infestation, especially C. maculatus.

Development and Validation of a Viable and User-Friendly Spectrophotometric Analytical Method for Estimation of Assay of Formoterol and Beclomethasone in Metered Dose Inhaler Formulation

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The primary aim of this research endeavor is to innovate a viable and user-friendly UV spectroscopic approach for quantifying formoterol and beclomethasone within metered dose inhalers (MDIs). These formulations, amalgamating Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP) and Formoterol Fumarate (FF), are extensively employed in managing bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Although analytical techniques already exist for assessing formoterol and beclomethasone in combination dry powder inhalers, this study concentrates on devising and validating a UV spectrophotometric method for simultaneously quantifying formoterol fumarate and Anhydrous Beclomethasone Dipropionate in Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers (pMDIs).

The estimation is performed at a wavelength of 240 nm for Beclomethasone Dipropionate and 216 nm for Formoterol Fumarate. Both drugs demonstrate satisfactory linearity within the concentration range of 10-30 μg/ml for BDP and 0.3 to 0.9 μg/ml for FF at wavelengths of 240 nm (r^2=0.999) and 216 nm (r^2=0.999), respectively. The Beer-Lambert law is adhered to within the concentration range of 10-30 μg/ml for BDP and 0.3-0.9 μg/ml for FF.

The proposed methods are subjected to validation following ICH guidelines to assess accuracy, method precision, specificity, among other parameters. As a result, the proposed method can be effectively employed for the simultaneous determination of Beclomethasone Dipropionate and Formoterol Fumarate in routine analytical applications, offering a rapid and reliable solution for pharmaceutical analysis in the field.

Effects of Fresh Azolla microphylla Supplementation on Pelleted Basal Diet to Local Muscovy Duck Breed Production Performances

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The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding fresh Azolla microphylla on pelleted basal feed on the Local muscovy duck breed  production performances. The research was done for 2 months August to September 2023, in the Muscovy duck farm, Paguyuban Petani Mandiri Kademangan, (PPMK), Blitar Regency, and feed analysis was done in the Nutrition and Animal Feed Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Muhammadiyah Malang University. The research method used is experiment using a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications, each experimental unit used 4 ducks, reared and plotted randomly in the litter cage. The research variables observed were: day old duck weight, final weight, feed intake, FCR and performance index. The results of the study of the effect of supplementation 10% of fresh Azolla microphylla on the best performance index of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), can be apply for duck feed.

Enhancing Network Security through Advanced Authentication and Key Management Mechanisms

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This paper introduces the SEAKS-PKMv2 protocol, a robust security mechanism aimed at addressing vulnerabilities within the PKMv2 framework, particularly focusing on mutual authentication, key management, and encryption in mobile WiMAX networks. By integrating RSA-based and EAP-based authentication methods, SEAKS-PKMv2 establishes a secure environment that mitigates risks such as replay, man-in-the-middle and interleaving attacks. The protocol adopts a distributed authentication and localized key management approach, facilitating efficient and secure network access and data transmission. Through simulation, we evaluate the SEAKS-PKMv2 protocol’s performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, overhead, processing time, and resilience against rogue relay station attacks. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in network security and efficiency, confirming the effectiveness of SEAKS-PKMv2 in enhancing the integrity and confidentiality of communications in distributed network settings.

The Effect of Capital Structure on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) Performance of Companies Listed in the Plastics Industry

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The relationship between capital structure and company performance was examined in this study. From 2019 to 2023, information was gathered from 29 plastic firms that were listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE). Each company’s performance was gauged using three variables: ROA, ROE, and EPS. The major components of capital structure are the ratios of total debt to total assets (DA), total debt to equity (DE), short-term debt to total assets (SDTA), and long-term debt to total assets (LDTA). In addition, the model incorporates growth rate (GROWTH) and company size (SIZE) as control variables. Consequently, every performance characteristic of the company is negatively impacted by the majority of the capital structure variables. Notably, this study not only demonstrates the weak association between SDTA and SDTA but also the negative correlation between ROE and capital structure, which was considered minor in many earlier studies. Furthermore, prior research had not consistently shown ROE. Additionally, the study’s findings indicate that size and company performance are positively correlated and have no effect on growth pace.