Risk Management Implementation in Public Sector Organizations-Global Phenomena

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The research aims to understand the integrated risk management global adoption, especially ISO 31000 in Public Sector Organizations (PSOs). Through desk research and complemented with literature reviews taken from case studies in the G20 Countries, this study is expected to give a helicopter view about the global adoption speed of ISO 31000 as an international standard of risk management by PSOs across the world, and capture the sense of key issues and challenges related to the implementation. The findings contribute to the existing risk management implementation literature as well as a foresight for global risk leaders in PSOs to excel in their own respective risk management initiative either as a single initiative or as a part of their attempt to initiate change management. Since the sample has been purposively limited to G20 countries, consequently it does not reflect other critical factors of issues and challenges which have probably been experienced by non-G20 countries.

Smart Culture of Spirulina Using Supernatant of Digested Rotten Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) to Produce Protein, Bio-Fuel and Bio-Electricity

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An experiment was conducted for the production of protein, bio-fuel and bio-electricity from the culture system of Spirulina platensis (Gomont) in supernatant of three different amount of digested rotten tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and Kosaric Medium (KM) as control. Three different concentrations such as 25, 50 and 75% rotten tomato were allowed to digest under aeration. After 17 days, the colorless supernatant was screened and taken in 1.0 L conical flask with three replications. Then, Spirulina platensis was inoculated to grow in these three media (treatments) with the addition of 9.0 g/L NaHCO3 and micronutrients, and also in KM as control for a period of 14 days. The cell weight, optical density, chlorophyll a and total biomass  of spirulina was attained to the  maximum values when grew in KM on the 10th day of culture followed by supernatant of 50% digested rotten tomato (DRT) than in  25 and 75% DRT culture. The chemical properties of the culture media such as pH, salinity, dissolved bio-oxygen, electric conductivity and bio-electricity were increased from first day up to 12th day of experiment. Total biomass of spirulina grown in these media had highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation with cell weight (r = 0.825) and chlorophyll a (r = 0.866) of spirulina. The results showed that the growth performances of S. platensis grown in supernatant of 50% DRT was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of spirulina grown in supernatant of 25 and 75% DRT. The percentage of crude protein (55.10 ± 0.45 to 59.90 ± 0.33%) of spirulina grown in supernatant of DRT was little bit higher than that of spirulina cultured in KM (58.40 ± 0.38%). But bio-fuel in terms of crude lipids (16.50 ± 0.31%) of spirulina cultured in supernatant of 50% DRT was almost two and half times higher than that of spirulina grown in KM (crude lipids, 6.30 ± 0.21%). Bio-electricity (300 ±10.20 mV) produced in culture of spirulina in supernatant of 50% DRT was higher than  that recorded in KM (240 ±10.20 mV) followed by 75% DRT and other media. Bio-electricity had directly and strongly significant (p < 0.001) correlation with pH (r = 0.812), dissolved bio-oxygen (r = 0.832), salinity (r = 0.788) and electric conductivity (r = 0.856). Therefore, this procedure will produce huge amount of electricity in the world and will make a revolution in this field of bio-electricity production. Whole world will be benefited from the output (results) of this experiment.

Web-Based Management Information System for Services Development: A Literature Review

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The development of internet technology and applications provides a good condition for establishing the scientific research management information system. Research on the influence of web-based management information systems for services development has been carried out in various organizations and in various countries. Web-based management information system is the right solution at this time. By using search and review methods, the review process began with a search engine, Google scholar and IEEE, to search for articles with keywords: “web-based management system information for services development”. The conclusion of this literature review is that there is a positive and significant influence of web-based management information systems for services development and future research will help to help organizations evaluate the quality of their web-based services, design improvements and ultimately embed their websites into future services. This study includes many cases and the research findings apply only to the web-based management information system for services development. Web-based management information systems can be used to for various organizations and in various countries.

The Principal’s Leadership in Implementing the Full-Day Kindergarten: A Literature Review

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The importance of the principal’s leadership in implementing the full-day kindergarten education program attracted authors to research and this article discusses the results of the literature review conducted by the authors.  There are a number of articles about the principal’s leadership review and full-day kindergarten implementation especially in the context of the world that can be found.  The purpose of this review is to find out the principal’s leadership in implementing full-day kindergarten in a world context.  Based on the results of literature reviews from various countries in the world, the authors found the scope of the articles reviewed is still very limited and it is very difficult to get literature that combines the two variables, therefore, the authors would be positively explain the findings for each variable.  The results of the review literature on school principal’s leadership show that the principal’s leadership in carrying out his role as a leader has an impact on teacher performance and student achievement.  The results of the review literature on the implementation of a full day kindergarten show that children who attend kindergarten (FDK) a full day experience academic and development benefits compared to children who attend a half-day program.  Thus, the authors are interested in following up related to the principal’s leadership in implementing full-day kindergarten.

The Dream Effect of Waking Thought, Experience, and Illness: A Research Proposal

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Dream imagery and frequency amongst individuals who are victims of amputation, depression, anxiety, trauma, and many mental disorders, have produced similar content results across the board of many studies. Specifics of other biological and physiological factors that contribute to such content are also examined in the data presented, along with specific case studies that have resulted in self-reported statistics that demonstrate the outcome and impact of waking-day stressors, experiences, and state/trait anxiety on sleeping individuals. Previous data has been collected on dream content recorded amongst amputees, individuals who experienced dreams while undergoing mental disorders, dreams that were supposedly induced with familiar scents, and other outside factors that contributed to the purpose of the study. Further examination of participants is proposed, along with information given on sampling methods, study techniques, and possible outcomes.

A Review on Melocanna Baccifera

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Young edible bamboo shoot (Muia in Kokborok-the third Official Language of Tripura, India) of Melocanna baccifera is widely used as a raw food ingredient of different dishes of Tribal of Tripura. Methanolic extract of Melocanna baccifera (MEMB) revealed the presence of different bioactive constituents like alkaloids, fixed oil, flavonoids, triterpinoids, glycosides carbohydrate, protein, and minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, phosphate. Few pharmacological actions such as analgesic activity, antidiabetic activity and hepatoprotective activity along with antimicrobial activity also exhibited by methanolic extract of Melocanna baccifera. The extract also exhibited CNS depressant activity.

A Proposed Evidence-Based Local Guideline for Definition of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR), Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) and Pan Drug-Resistant (PDR) Bacteria by the Microbiology Laboratory

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Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) are defined as microorganisms, predominantly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents. These pathogens are frequently resistant to most available antimicrobial agents and deserve special attention in healthcare facilities. Generally, MDRO infections have clinical manifestations similar to infections caused by susceptible pathogens. Despite of two different classifications by WHO and CDC, still there are debates about update definition of MDROs in medical literature. Here we provide an updated local guideline for definitions of various MDROs by microbiology laboratory

Impact of the Surface Properties of Medical Implants on Host Response

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The aim of this literature review is to analyze various implant properties and their association with host response and biocompatibility. Based on the electronic search of journals, books published in pubmed, google scholar and Elsevier, necessary data was collected and analyzed. The various properties of biomaterial and their modifications to make them acceptable by the body has been discussed. Various materials with different surface characteristics, design and modification techniques are analyzed. The overall study revealed, implant material need to have different properties based on the site of implant and intended use. Mostly metals with smooth surface showed good biocompatibility in dental and bone implants while ceramics and polymers which are highly porous had better results in vascular and implant site with more soft tissues.

School Library Management: A Literature Review

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This article aims to find out how school libraries is managed based on the literature review from previous research from several countries around the world. This article uses search and review methods, where the review process began with a search engine, Google scholar and IEEE, to search the articles with keywords. The authors found the scope of the reviewed articles was still very limited so it needs to be followed up related to school turnover management research. Result of the review show that libraries can run optimally if they apply good management. The research about this topic is limited and this article is a literature review; so further research needs to be done related to school library management in general and to include other data collection methods including interview and questionnaire. The theoretical benefit of this article is to add knowledge about educational library management and the practical benefit is as an information for further research.

Dynamics of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate vs. C – reactive protein: Peas in a Pod or Chalk and Cheese?

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Acute phase reactants have a supplementary role in the management of hospitalized patients with fever. While not perfect tools, they have some role in formulating a diagnostic and therapeutic plan and may improve antimicrobial stewardship. The Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), while not specific enough to establish a diagnosis, can be helpful in guiding the intensity and duration of anti-infective therapy. However, they have different dynamics during inflammations and infections.