Safeguarding Heritage: Preserving Traditional Knowledge in Global Patent Law

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The present study investigates the defensive safeguarding of traditional knowledge within the framework of international patent law. The chosen research methodology is evaluative, employing secondary data sources. The primary emphasis of this study is on primary and secondary legal materials. The process of data analysis involves the utilisation of qualitative juridical analysis techniques. The findings suggest that traditional knowledge has distinct attributes intricately linked to traditional communal elements and spans diverse areas of human existence. The safeguarding of traditional knowledge is paramount to uphold principles of fairness, environmental preservation, cultural heritage, prevention of misappropriation, and the advancement of sustainable utilisation. In international patent law, there is a notable incongruity between traditional knowledge and patent systems that prioritise human ingenuity and originality. The efficacy of patent systems in protecting traditional information is limited by the inherent characteristics of traditional knowledge, which is often collective and transmitted orally. The safeguarding of traditional knowledge necessitates a harmonious integration of both legal and practical dimensions. These endeavours encompass the acknowledgement of pre-existing knowledge and inventions, the creation of organisations to oversee safeguarding, and the implementation of pragmatic strategies to guarantee availability and equitable utilisation. The ability to patent novel discoveries derived from traditional knowledge is possible; nevertheless, conflicts often occur due to disparities between patent regimes and the inherent characteristics of traditional knowledge. In the present situation, it is imperative to adopt a comprehensive and equitable strategy to safeguard traditional knowledge’s long-term viability within the intellectual property framework.

Safeguarding Intellectual Property in the Post-Cultural Advancement Law Era in Indonesia: Preserving Traditional Knowledge

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Traditional Knowledge, as a product of the interplay between ecological, social, and cultural factors, embodies the insights acquired by communities in understanding the demands of nature. Embedded in intellectual activities shaped by a nation’s thoughts, ideas, and creations, Traditional Knowledge necessitates legal protection and certainty of ownership by the state due to its significant value, categorizing it as a national asset. This protection is often sought through laws like the Cultural Advancement Law, primarily designed to uphold the nation’s interests. This research aims to analyze the role of the Cultural Advancement Law in safeguarding Traditional Knowledge in Indonesia and identify the challenges faced by this legal framework in providing protection. Employing a normative approach through a literature review, the study reveals the pivotal role of the Cultural Advancement Law in developing, utilizing, advancing, preserving, and safeguarding Traditional Knowledge. However, its enforcement faces obstacles due to the ongoing debate surrounding the impact of traditional Knowledge on the economy and society.

The Identity Crisis among Peoples from Mixed Parents from Countries under in Inter-States Conflicts: Case of Rwanda, D.R. Congo and Burundi

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The study was carried out by 5 mixed- people living in Burundi, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, within the framework of guided interview seminars, in order to analyze the construction of mixed-ethics people in the context of identity conflicts due to ethnic or cultural conflicts, otherwise known as “ethnocultural conflicts”. Mestizos are a minority in the states where we live, and are considered problematic in the various societies of Africa’s Great Lakes region country. My fieldwork revealed that mixed-ethnic people in these three countries are victims of several atrocities, including ethnic marginalization, nepotism, socio-political demonization and economic discrimination. In this context, I have attempted to identify the main actors involved in identity conflicts among mixed-ethic people, and to propose a perspective of dialogue as a solution to the situations of the mixed-ethnic people mentioned above. On this basis, a number of recommendations have been put forward to reinforce the hope of positive action at regional level for the promotion of peace and lasting stability, particularly for mixed people who are increasingly victims of appearance status at UN level.

Adaptation Factor Analysis Instrument of Interpersonal Support Evaluation List in Indonesian Version: Confirmatory Approach

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The Effect of Pressure, Opportunity, Rationalization, Religiousness on Fraud Behavior (PT. Mayora Indah Tbk Jatake 1)

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This study aims to examine the effect of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and rationalization on employee fraud at PT Mayora Indah Tbk Jatake 1. This type of research is classified as survey research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were employees of PT Mayora Indah Tbk Jatake 1. The research sample was determined by purposive sampling method so that a sample of 88 was obtained from the questionnaires. Data was analyzed by using multiple regression, intention to commit employee fraud as the dependent variable and pressure, opportunity, rationalization and religion as independent variables. The results of this study indicate that: (1) pressure has a significant positive effect on the intention to commit fraud, (2) opportunity has a significant positive effect on the intention to commit employee fraud, (3) rationalization has a significant positive effect on employee fraud intentions, (4) religion has a significant negative effect on employee fraud intentions. So it can be concluded that opportunity, opportunity, rationalization, and religion have a significant influence on the fraudulent intentions of employees of PT Mayora Indah Tbk Jatake 1.

The Impact of Green Marketing Mix on Green Loyalty in Oatside Plant Based Milk Product with Green Satisfaction as Intervening Variable

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Currently, environmental conservation is a widely discussed topic as public awareness about its importance grows. Businesses need to recognize this trend, particularly by producing environmentally friendly products. Oatside is one such popular eco-friendly brand that has gained significant traction within less than two years, competing effectively with long-established brands. Despite this success, Oatside must continue to boost consumer loyalty through a strategic marketing mix approach to better understand consumer desires and prevent them from switching to other brands. This research aims to evaluate the impact of green marketing mix on consumers’ green loyalty, with green satisfaction serving as an intervening variable. This understanding is essential for Oatside to identify consumer needs and enhance loyalty in the competitive market. This research employs quantitative methods, incorporating multivariate techniques and descriptive analysis. The study sample consists of 300 consumers Oatside in Indonesia. The data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 software. According to the findings of this study, there is a significant and positive correlation between green products, green locations, and green promotions with green satisfaction and green loyalty indirectly. However, the variable of green pricing did not demonstrate a significant positive influence on green satisfaction or green loyalty indirectly. The research utilized a model with an R-square result of 0.254, indicating a moderate level of explanatory power. The study revealed a positive and significant impact of green products, green locations, and green promotions on green satisfaction and green loyalty indirectly. However, the variable of green pricing did not show a positive and significant influence on green satisfaction or green loyalty indirectly. The research employed a model with an R-square value of 0.254 or 25.4%, falling into the moderate category. Based on these findings, it is suggested that Oatside offers more targeted promotions to its consumers, while ensuring profitability. This approach aims to enhance consumer satisfaction with Oatside’s environmentally friendly products, with the ultimate goal of increasing consumer green loyalty.

 

Impacts of Rainfall Variability on Streamflow in the Drylands of Northern Kenya: Assessing Water Availability under a Changing Climate

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Water availability is a function of climatic and land surface conditions, which determine the amount and distribution of atmospheric water as it reaches the surface. This largely depends on rainfall, whose variability affects water, food and livelihood security. This paper sought to quantify the effects of rainfall variability on water availability in an effort to support effective water resources management. Coefficient of Variation (CV), Standardized Anomaly Index (SAI) and Mann-Kendall trend test approaches were used to assess variability and trends, while correlation and regression analysis were employed to determine effects of rainfall variability on streamflow. A hydrological model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was used to simulate streamflow with a view to assessing water availability under two climate change scenarios; Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. Results show that the area experiences moderate to extreme rainfall variability, as indicated by CV and SAI values that ranged from 20 to 99% and -2.5 to +3 respectively, resulting in moderate to extreme floods and droughts that often disrupt livelihoods. Current streamflow simulations (1981 – 2020) indicated increasing trends. Near and far future streamflow volumes will decrease by 15% during the April-May-June season while during October-November-December season they will increase by 13%, compared to the present. Increasing trends of rainfall and streamflow indicate that the area has opportunities for rainwater harvesting while the high variability indicates a need for early warning systems to cushion communities from climatic shocks evidenced by the impacts of climate extremes experienced in the area.

 

Non-destructive Near-infrared Hyperspectral Imaging in Food Technologies with a Focus on Monitoring Seed Viability

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Seed qualities including viability and germination significantly influence the quantity and the quality of harvest. Technological means to assess seed qualities and attributes of seed-derived food products are varied. This paper highlights the use of infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR- HSI) in food quality control, authentication, safety, process monitoring, shelf-life prediction, ingredients analysis, allergens detection and food sorting and grading. It also shows a particular application of NIR-HSI for the monitoring of nutrient content of sprouts and germinated seeds for industrial processing of foods with high nutritional values. The paper further reviews the applications of NIR-HSI to predict seed viability and germination. The non-destructive, rapid, and high-throughput capability of NIR-HSI were demonstrated through research works combining the NIR-HSI technology with chemometrics tools to reach more than 90% prediction rate. These relatively high rates may depend on the storage conditions or the stringency of the artificial aging conditions applied to parts of the seeds. However, the NIR-HSI has also proven efficient using naturally aged seeds with the prediction rates up to 90% correct classification, demonstrating the high capability of the technology. In combination with advanced chemometrics tools, some components of emerging technologies such as traditional machine learning and deep learning models have been added to increase the efficiency of NIR_HSI. Overall, the research works reviewed in this paper and which cover several food crops and food products showed that NIR-HSI is set to reach new heights in monitoring seed viability for improved seed stock management, crop production and innovation in the food industry.

Marketing Strategy Using new wave Marketing Approach to Increase Customer Loyalty in Cement Industry (Dynamix Case)

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Cement Industry is becoming more dynamic; a decade ago, market conditions were still very ideal, with demand and production in balance, but the presence of new entrants tightened competition, forcing Dynamix to survive in the face of an attack from low-cost cement products This study was conducted to determine what can be done to preserve and boost sales through effective marketing strategy and a focus on customers. The investigation began by examining the market’s dynamic competition and evaluating Dynamix’s strengths and weaknesses, as well as potential risks posed by competitors or emerging market segments in Indonesia. The presentation is carried out in a systematic and detailed manner to offer recommendations that meet the needs of facing against competitors. To gain a comprehensive understanding, a study approach was used that included both quantitative and qualitative analysis to investigate the stages of the customer’s decision-making process when choosing which product to use.

The study also examines literature on marketing strategy, using the most recent techniques as a reference, where the theory has been applied by various companies. Having the right theoretical framework will be one of the main base foundations in providing insight and perspectives to build the most effective marketing plan. With this research, it is hopes to contribute Dynamix journey to meeting future challenges by implementing the explained strategy of focusing on target customers through recommended activities in terms of communication material selection and marketing activities. Hopefully, this study will be able to make Dynamix the leading cement brand in Indonesia.

The Influence of the Goods and Services Procurement Process on Budget Performance with Budget Politics as a moderator (study of Regional Government OPD in Aceh)

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This research aims to examine the influence of the goods and services procurement process on budget performance with budget politics as a moderator. The population in this study were all government officials in the Regional Government OPD in Aceh. The sampling technique uses probability sampling. The data used is primary data. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 267 respondents, namely budget users, heads of program and budget sub-divisions and program department staff. The data analysis method used is Simple Linear Regression Analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of the SPSS 25 application. The results of the research show that the process of procurement of goods and services partially influences the Budget Performance of Regional Government OPDs in Aceh. Then budget politics moderate the influence of the goods and services procurement process on Budget Performance in Regional Government OPDs in Aceh.