Clinical Insights into Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs

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Medications with a narrow therapeutic index (NTI), such as phenytoin, warfarin, and vancomycin, require precise dosing to avoid adverse effects and ensure they remain effective. This is particularly important for at-risk groups like elderly individuals or those with multiple health conditions. The therapeutic index (TI) is a key measurement that indicates the range between a drug’s therapeutic and toxic levels. NTI drugs need careful management because even small changes in their concentration can lead to significant risks and impact their therapeutic benefits. Factors unique to each patient, such as age, existing health conditions, and genetic differences, can affect how NTI drugs are metabolized and their overall effectiveness. As a result, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is crucial for tailoring dosing strategies and minimizing the risk of harm. Interactions between NTI drugs and other medications, especially those that involve cytochrome P450 enzymes, can influence drug concentrations, making treatment more complex. The growing field of personalized medicine, which includes pharmacogenomics, aims to improve outcomes by customizing drug therapies based on individual genetic characteristics. Proper management of NTI drugs requires teamwork among healthcare professionals, including doctors, pharmacists, and nurses. Continued research, along with advancements in drug delivery systems and artificial intelligence, holds potential to enhance the safety and effectiveness of NTI medications.

Research Trends in Islamic-Based Mathematics Education: Global Studies and Academic Collaboration Networks

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This study analyzes global trends and collaboration in mathematics education research during the 2014–2024 period using a bibliometric approach. The findings indicate a significant increase in the number of publications, peaking in 2020 before stabilizing in recent years. Indonesia and Malaysia have been the primary contributors, with increasing involvement from other countries such as Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. International collaboration has expanded, marked by a growing academic network and contributions from major institutions such as Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) and Universitas Syiah Kuala. The study also identifies a thematic shift from traditional pedagogical approaches toward integration with STEM, technology, and international assessments such as PISA and TIMSS. Furthermore, the collaborative network among researchers reveals that certain academics, such as S. Huda and M. Broer, have had a significant influence on the research community. These findings underscore the importance of cross-national and interdisciplinary collaboration in driving innovation and enhancing the effectiveness of mathematics education globally. Thus, this research provides valuable insights for academics, policymakers, and education practitioners in developing more inclusive and sustainable strategies for mathematics education research and teaching.

Pupils’ Reading Proficiency Level using Scholastic Literacy Pro

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This study assessed the reading proficiency levels of Grade 1 students at St. Paul University Surigao using Scholastic Literacy Pro. The study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design to assess the impact of using Scholastic Literacy Pro, a program designed to support independent reading and provide teachers with data to personalize instruction. The researchers conducted pre-and post-tests to measure the student’s progress in reading proficiency, categorizing their scores into advanced, proficient, basic, and below basic levels. Results showed that proficiency levels were predominantly below basic, with only a small percentage reaching basic, proficient, or advanced levels. No significant differences were found when grouping by section, sex, previous school attended, or school type. However, a significant difference was found between pre-and post-test scores, indicating the instructional reading intervention had a positive impact. To further improve reading proficiency, the study recommends targeted instructional strategies addressing specific learning needs, ongoing teacher professional development on effective methodologies and progress monitoring, and enhancing teachers’ knowledge and skills to cater to diverse learner needs. By implementing these recommendations, the school can continue to raise reading proficiency levels among Grade 1 students.

Reading Proficiency Skills of Grade 10 Students

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Reading is essential in education, equipping students with the skills to become proficient readers and holistic communicators. It involves decoding transcriptive symbols and sounds to activate meaning and prior knowledge, as well as recognizing structures to make information comprehensible. Despite the Philippines’ below-average reading score of 347 points in the 2023 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), there has been a 6.9% increase since 2018. National education policies and collective efforts are mirrored in these results, as emphasized by the Department of Education.

St. Paul University Surigao’s Basic Education Department has long promoted reading, partnering with Scholastic Literacy Pro to provide diverse reading materials and personalized instruction. This study assesses the reading proficiency of Grade 10 learners using this program, aiming to inform future instructional practices.

Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design, 216 Grade 10 students participated, with proficiency levels classified from Below Basic to Advanced. Results indicated minor improvements, with a slight decrease in students classified as Below Basic and an increase in those at the Advanced level. The study underscores the importance of continuous reading programs and strategic interventions in improving literacy.

Recommendations include enhancing reading programs, professional development for teachers, active parental involvement, regular progress monitoring, and further research into effective literacy strategies. These steps aim to address reading proficiency gaps and support students’ academic success and holistic development.

Ethical Challenges in Data Science: Navigating the Complex Landscape of Responsibility and Fairness

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The rapid advancement of data science and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized decision-making across multiple domains, including healthcare, finance, and law enforcement. However, these advancements come with pressing ethical challenges, such as algorithmic bias, data privacy risks, and lack of transparency. This paper systematically analyzes these ethical concerns, focusing on state-of-the-art methodologies for bias detection, explainable AI (XAI), and privacy-preserving techniques. We provide a comparative evaluation of ethical frameworks, including the ACM Code of Ethics, IEEE Ethically Aligned Design (EAD), and regulatory policies such as GDPR and CCPA. Through in-depth case studies examining biased hiring algorithms, risk assessment models in criminal justice, and data privacy concerns in smart technologies—we highlight real-world implications of unethical AI. Furthermore, we propose a structured approach to bias mitigation, integrating fairness-aware machine learning, adversarial debiasing, and regulatory compliance measures. Our findings contribute to responsible AI governance by identifying best practices and technical solutions that promote fairness, accountability, and transparency in AI-driven systems.

Adopting Security Operation Center: Insights from the Indonesian Financial Sector

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The rising cybersecurity threats have made Security Operation Centers (SOCs) essential for Indonesian finance companies to protect sensitive data and ensure regulatory compliance. This study explores factors influencing SOC adoption, implementation challenges, and strategies to improve adoption rates. Using a mixed-method approach, it combines survey data and interviews with cybersecurity professionals. Findings reveal that subjective norms and top management support are key drivers, while budget constraints and a lack of skilled personnel pose significant challenges. Recommendations include strengthening management support, leveraging norms, investing in training, and optimizing vendor selection. The study offers practical and theoretical insights for enhancing cybersecurity resilience, with future research suggesting longitudinal studies, cross-sector analysis, and regulatory compliance exploration.

Approaching the ASSURE Model and Proposing a Teaching Process for Mathematics Using AI Chatbots Combined with Gamification in a Self-Regulated Learning Framework

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The ASSURE model is a method for designing and implementing lessons developed to optimize the teaching and learning process, particularly in integrating educational technologies. This model assists teachers in creating highly flexible lessons, enabling students to acquire knowledge more effectively through the use of technology and modern teaching methods. AI Chatbots facilitate the automation of responses and support personalized learning for students, while gamification provides an engaging learning environment that helps students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills in mathematics through the incorporation of game elements. Research findings indicate that the combination of AI Chatbots and gamification in teaching can enhance students’ learning of mathematics, while also increasing engagement and motivation. This paper approaches the ASSURE model and proposes a teaching process utilizing AI Chatbots combined with gamification in a self-regulated learning framework, aiming to guide teachers in organizing mathematics instruction in a scientific and effective manner.

Fostering Self-Confidence in Elementary School Students through the Integration of World Café Learning in Pancasila and Citizenship Education

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Character education, especially in learning Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKN), plays an important role in shaping students’ personalities. However, students’ low self-confidence in expressing their opinions is one of the main challenges that hinders the effectiveness of learning in elementary schools. This study aims to address this problem by implementing a World Café-based learning model, which is believed to be able to increase student engagement and build their character. This model involves collaborative discussion, reflection, and in-depth problem solving, which is expected to foster students’ self-confidence in communicating. This study used a product trial in class V of SDN No. 2 Majene with an effectiveness analysis based on the achievement of learning outcome tests. The results showed that the implementation of the World Café model can increase students’ self-confidence, communication skills, and critical thinking skills. Although there are challenges in the development of non-linear self-confidence, the use of strategies such as peer mentoring and variations in discussion topics managed to overcome these obstacles. Overall, this model has proven effective in supporting more inclusive and transformative learning in PPKN classes.

Modeling Gas Flow Through Blowout Preventers

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Eruptive manifestations in the oil and gas industry are often followed by environmental pollution and especially equipment destruction and human accidents. That is precisely why knowing the gas flow equations through the explosion preventers is absolutely necessary in dealing with the problems arising in the case of these industrial accidents. This material describes how natural gas behaves when it flows through vertical pipelines and through blowout preventers.

The Effectiveness of a Differentiated Learning Model Based on Identification, Reflection and Improvement to Improve the Reading Ability of Early Grade Students in Elementary School

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This study investigates the effectiveness of a differentiated learning model based on identification, reflection and improvement to improve the reading ability of early grade students in elementary school. Using a quasi-experimental design involving 5 elementary schools. The findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the improvement of reading ability of early grade students between the experimental class and the control class. The differentiated learning model based on identification, reflection and improvement has high effectiveness in improving the reading ability of early grade students. This means that the differentiated learning model based on identification, reflection and improvement has a positive impact and allows teachers to identify student needs at the beginning of learning, then teachers reflect on the learning process and results carried out, then make improvements (improve) to the learning strategy, especially adjusted to the student’s learning readiness. The results of this study reveal that the differentiated learning model based on identification, reflection and improvement is effective in improving the reading ability of early grade students, so that it can be a solution to overcome the difficulty or low ability of students in reading and recommends to develop a more effective and innovative learning model in the early grade.