Assessment of Average Correction of Cobb’s Angle Post Instrumentation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Lenknee Type 1 Curve

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Introduction: Preferred instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains controversial. Surgical correction is classically indicated for progressive curves more than 40° in the skeletally immature patient.

Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyse the average correction of Cobb’s angle post instrumentation in adolescent ideopathic scoliosis in lenknee type 1 curve.

Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Services hospital, Lahore during 2020 to 2021. This study was done with the approval of ethical committee of hospital. There are 27 patients that were included in this study. The age range for the selected patients was 14-20 years from which 15 female and 12 male. The total duration of the study was 2 years.

Results: The data was collected from 27 patients.  In three patients with Lenke type 1 curve, the apex of curve was the disc at T8/9 or the vertebral body at T9. The mean coronal Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve was 43.7° and the Cobb angles of the compensatory curves on thoracolumbar or lumbar region were less than 20°. On scoliometer measurement of the rib hump averaged 18.5°. On the lateral bending film the mean Cobb angle of main thoracic curve was corrected to 15.7°.

Conclusion: It is concluded that patients with Lenke 1 increasing the cost density of instrumentation does not translate into improving the Cobb angle of the uninstrumented spine and does not change any of the cosmetic parameters measured on clinical patient photographs.

Value Creation and Value Capture: Analysis of Apple Company

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Apple Inc. is a global technology business headquartered in Cupertino, California. It is a leader in consumer devices, software, and internet services. Their success has been attributed to a variety of factors. One of them is the way Apple has created and captured values. The case study uses the 30 “elements of value” framework from Almquist, Senior, & Bloch (2016)’s outstanding paper “The Elements of Value: Measuring and Delivering What Consumers Really Want” to analyze the values that Apple has created and captured. Each element will be investigated on three components: “use value”, “exchange value”, and “value capture”. The results show that in the case of Apple, the most disguising values come from two products/services: (i) iPhone, and (ii) Apple App Store.

Design and Implementation of Integrated approach for Smart Rural Development

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Human culture is creating with fast energy and accomplished different triumphs for improving its occupation. Human progress is an observer for different changes identified with its development through various impetuses like mechanical development, science, and so forth. Today’s technology has demonstrated its potential in different divisions of development in urban and rural landscapes. Urban territories appear to increasingly slant to acknowledge and embrace Information and communication technology because of points of interest of proficiency and better framework when contrasted with rural regions. Because of such appropriate circumstances of urban landscapes great measure of accomplishment of this technology is noticeable as shrewd urban areas and better vocations of living people. Be that as it may, the issues, outcomes, and openings in urban zones are diverse for powerful usage of Information and Communication Technology for practical development of rural masses. The current research article talks about rural development in the creating scene for the Upliftment of work of the rural masses and to take a ‘Look-ahead’ at logical developments and advances that may be powerful throughout the following 10 – 20 years. The driving inspiration driving the idea on “Brilliant Village” is that the technology should go about as an impetus for development, empowering instruction, and neighborhood business openings, improving wellbeing and government assistance, upgrading law-based commitment and by and large improvement of rural town occupants. The “Smart Village” idea intends to understand its objective through giving policymakers shrewd, base up examinations of the difficulties of town development.

A Comparative Study of Two-Sample Tests for High-Dimensional Covariance Matrices

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The equality of covariance matrices is an essential assumption in means and discriminant analyses for high-dimensional data. The performance of tests for covariance matrices may vary substantially depending on the covariance structure, so using inappropriate methods to verify the assumption will result in worse performance. The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the performance of three tests for two-sample high-dimensional covariance matrices: Schott’s (2007), Srivastava and Yanagihara’s (2010), and Li and Chen’s (2012) under various covariance structures. A simulation study was conducted when the covariance structures were spherical, compound symmetric, block-diagonal, and first-order autoregressive with homogenous variances. The results show that Li and Chen’s test outperforms the others with a sample size of at least 10 under particular covariance structures. When the number of variables is increased with a fixed sample size, Li and Chen’s test still performs well, whereas Schott’s performance deteriorates. Some recommendations for selecting appropriate tests are also provided in this paper.

Chicken Manure and KCL Effect on Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn in Ultisol

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Cultivation of sweet corn in Ultisols faces problems due to the poor quality of the soil. As a result, it is necessary to improve soil fertility through fertilization. Chicken manure can improve the fertility of Ultisol. However, it is a prolonged-release fertilizer, so it should be applied in conjunction with readily available fertilizers to plants, such as KCl. This study aimed to determine the effect of the dose of chicken manure and KCl on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The study was carried out between April and June 2019 in Medan Baru, Kandang Limun Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was the dose of chicken manure (20% moisture content), consisting of 3 levels, namely 0, 10, and 20 tons/ha. The second factor was the dose of KCl, which consists of 3 levels, namely 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha. The result indicated no interaction effect of chicken manure and KCl on sweet corn growth and yield. Likewise, sweet corn growth was affected by chicken manure. At a 10 t/ha dose, chicken manure increased plant height, shoot fresh and shoot dry weight. A 150 kg/ha of KCl resulted in higher plant height, shoot fresh weight, and unhusked cob weight than a 100 kg/ha.

Analysis of Water Quality of Saket by using Geophysical Logging Located in Saket, New Delhi

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Geophysical logging application was incorporated for the perusal of the groundwater analysis. The study area involves the parts of the Saket area, situated in the Indian capital Delhi. For the purpose of study VES(vertical electrical sounding) method was adopted to reach to desired analysis. The study carries the objective of an analysis of the condition of groundwater along with the investigation of the geological situation. Abem Terrameter SAS-300c system with the with Geomac II, ABEM SAS log200 system with Geomac III were used in the study to perform the VES of the Schlumberger configuration along with the tubewell geophysical logging. Lithological investigation of the tubewell depicts the presence of alluvial topsoil, Badarpur sand, fractured and weathered rock along with the sandy silt and silty sand for subsurface of soil. Also, the presence of four geoelectric layer found. In these layers the fourth layer that is observed at a depth range from 15 ft to 450 ft, were found with the aquifer and 50 to 2000 Ωm resistivity were observed for this layer consisting aquifer. Geophysical logging analysis depicts the observation results for total dissolved solid in aquifer as 430 ppm. the obtained limit of TDS is found to be in standard limits, as the standard limit is 500 ppm set for the potable water by standard organization of India. Ground water development is found to be feasible for the fourth layer, since the layer is observed as potential non-conductive zone in the study area.

Explanation of Womens’ Ideological Linguistic Aesthetics in Poetry by Indonesian and Malaysia Women Poets

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Linguistic aesthetics is seen from the linguistic side with a critical view. The text is built from several linguistic tools in which there are ideology and power. This study aims to find and describe (1) vocabulary, (2) the beauty of metaphor, (3) grammar in Indonesian and Malaysian poetry. The literary approach used is a comparative literature approach. This research data is in the form of a poetry text consisting of vocabulary, phrases, and lines with certain ideological values. Data collection activities were carried out using documentation techniques with knowledge and insight into the intrinsic and extrinsic elements of poetry, and critical discourse analysis of poetry, particularly concerning the ideological insights of women in Indonesian and Malaysian poetry, and interviews were conducted with the poets. Data analysis procedure using diagrams of the stages of understanding women’s ideology based on the elaboration of Ricoeur’s hermeneutics: explanation-analysis and interpretation. Triangulation was carried out to test theories, data, and research methods to avoid research bias. The findings of this study are the linguistic aesthetics of the poems by the Indonesian and Malaysian female poets in the form of (1) vocabulary, (2) the beauty of metaphor, and (3) grammatical. This study strengthens the theory of critical discourse analysis because the findings of this study indicate that linguistic aesthetics describes three stages: description, interpretation, and explanation. Practically, these findings are useful for language and literature researchers to enrich the application of critical poetry to poetry.

Effect of Terminalia Arjuna Bark Extract on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

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The present study was carried out to evaluate the antihyperglycemic property of Terminalia arjuna in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic model rats. To evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant role of ethanol extract of Terminalia arjuna leaf in rats. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 120mg/kg body weight). Three days after STZ induction, the hyperglycemic rats were treated with a dilution of bark extract of T. arjuna orally at the dose of 1 ml and 2 ml daily for 15 days. The level of blood glucose before meals were measured on every fifth day during the 15-day treatment. Ethanol extract of T. arjuna dose-dependently reduced and normalized blood glucose levels. T.arjuna treatment also significantly increases protein levels. The present study shows that T. arjuna leaf shows remarkable reduction in blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The T. arjuna has an effect in physiological and biochemical processes in rats.

Risk Factor and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) Patients in TAK Province, Thailand

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Objective: To describe the association of clinical characteristics, clinical progression, and outcome of COVID-19 patients in TAK province, Thailand
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Tak province, Thailand from June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021.
Results: The statistical analysis was done on the records of 15,442 patients who underwent RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 detection at Tak province during the fourth wave of the outbreak. 53.9% of patients were diagnosed asymptomatic. The overall mortality rate among patients with COVID-19 in this study was 1.81%. Patients with ages over 60 years was associated with increased risk of pneumonia (aOR 5.16, 95% CI 4.52-5.89; P < 0.001) and death (aOR 22.09, 95% CI 12.66-38.53, P < 0.001). Myanmar were also significantly associated with pneumonia (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33, P < 0.001) and death (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.44-2.78, P < 0.001). Chronic Kidney Disease (aOR 3.84, 95% CI 2.31-6.38, P < 0.001) and dyspnea (aOR 4.54, 95% CI 3.27-6.31, P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of death as well as the presence of more than one comorbidity (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.99-4.14, P < 0.001). The previous receipt of vaccination regardless of partially (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.08-0 .27; P < 0.001) or fully vaccination (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.19; P < 0.001) was associated with lower odds of mortality. Conclusions: Determining high-risk COVID-19 infected patients can help in the design of appropriate measures and proper management strategies. Ongoing mass vaccination efforts is still an absolutely priority for Thai and non-Thai citizens as a human right to health.

Moral Characters Represented in the Students’ Turn-Taking of Conversation

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In every good interaction, there is always a change of roles between the speaker and the listener. Research on turn-taking in student conversations is interesting to do because of the diversity of regional origins and languages used by the students. This results in the emergence of distinctive patterns in the conversations among students. Through the turn-taking patterns, the characters of the speech participants can be known. This study uses a qualitative approach with data in the form of speech utterances delivered by students, which provide information of their character representation. The data collection technique used is the note-taking technique. The results obtained are the characters of social care, sharing, honesty, helping, cooperative, ethical, and working together.