Articles

Health Management and Disease Control of Layers in Pullet Phase with a Box Cage System at Tandjaja Farm Kediri

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Laying hens have a longer production phase than other poultry, so they require strict health care. The purpose of this study was to determine how far a farm provides comfort to livestock in terms of health in order to maximize their productivity in the form eggs that are safe for consumstion by consumers. Therefore, research was conducted at Tandjaja Farm Kediri to find out how health management and disease control are there. This type of research is qualitative. There are two data collected, namely primary data and secondary data. The primary data was obtained from interviews and observations, while the secondary data came from the SOP/manual book of the company’s maintenance management. Data were analyzed by descriptive method. The results showed that Tandjaja Farm Kediri implemented biosecurity, medication, and vaccination programs for laying hens in the pullet phase. So this research shows that Health Management and Disease Control at Tandjaja Farm Kediri has been going well.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs about Vaccination as Perceived By Rural Residents in Surigao City

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This descriptive quantitative research assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on vaccination among the residents within the rurality of Barangay Rizal, Surigao City. The study used a validated researcher-made survey questionnaire that was also tested for reliability to ascertain the intended quantitative data. The respondents were selected through the purposive and quota sampling technique considering 100 maximum rural residents as respondents of the study. The frequency count and percentage revealed that most of the respondents were 18-24 years old, mostly female, mostly single, had achieved college level, and earning less than 9,100 pesos. Frequency Count, Mean, and Standard Deviation also revealed that most of the rural residents are less knowledgeable and have moderate levels of attitudes and beliefs about vaccination. The Analysis of Variance (AnOVa) and Pearson r revealed no significant associations between the residents’ profiles and the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about vaccination. Likewise, there was also no association and relationships between knowledge and attitudes and between attitudes and beliefs. Notably, there was a relationship between the residents’ knowledge and beliefs about vaccination. The study provided a broad overview of rural residents’ sentiments towards vaccination as well. It’s crucial to educate residents about the vaccine development process to address their concerns. They are cautious by observing the side effects of the vaccines before getting vaccinated. Barangay Health Workers should conduct stronger orientations or symposiums for the rural residents. Proper health education should be disseminated among these people through seminars or symposiums. Lastly, the staff or nurses of the rural health centers must provide accurate information and strengthen any advertisements or IEC materials for the wide dissemination of information. By providing brochures to provide clear and accurate information about vaccines.

 

Vaccination and Immunization as Perceived by Badjao Parents in Surigao City, Philippines

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Health authorities in the Philippines are tackling emerging infectious diseases among Filipino children by implementing precautionary measures, with a focus on strengthening immune systems. The cornerstone of their efforts is the 40-year-old Expanded Immunization Program (EPI), a key initiative by the Department of Health. This descriptive quantitative study aimed to inspire provision for Filipino children with safe vaccinations, addressing diseases like measles, diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. The EPI has significantly reduced death and morbidity rates associated with preventable diseases. This study delves into the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and confidence among Badjao parents in Barangay Canlanipa, Surigao City, regarding children’s vaccination and immunization. The methodology included the utilization of researcher-made questionnaires and statistical tools such as the Frequency Count and Percentage, Mean and Standard Deviation, and Chi-Square Test. The study highlighted that despite challenges such as limited education and socioeconomic factors, many Badjao parents prioritized their children’s vaccination and immunization. However, the study revealed disparities in knowledge and confidence levels, emphasizing the need for targeted information campaigns. The study recommends targeted programs to promote the EPI’s benefits among the Badjao community and urges health authorities to conduct information drives. It also suggests exploring how personal experiences, like family illnesses, affect vaccination decisions. The study ultimately provides valuable insights for local stakeholders, healthcare providers, and future researchers, highlighting the importance of vaccination and immunization for children’s health.

The Results of Vaccination and Reversed After Vaccination of Coronavirus Infection in Fergana Region for 2021–2022

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In this study, an analysis of the incidence of COVID–19 in the Fergana region was carried out, the number of vaccinated vaccination coverage and those who recovered after vaccination with COVID–19 was determined. The incidence was studied for the period from March 2020 to 2022. Since vaccination began in 2021, we analyzed those vaccinated and recovered from 2021 to 2022. The dynamics of the incidence of COVID–19 in the Fergana region was undulating. During the surveyed period, the intensive indicator of the incidence of COVID–19 was as follows: in the city of Fergana (887.6), Kuvasay–1169.5, Kuva–995, Sokh–737.2, Yazyavan–781, Altiarik–610.1, Fergana–472 cases per 100,000 populations. During this period, more than 7 million doses of COVID–19 vaccines were administered, and no side effects of the vaccines used were observed among those vaccinated.

Simulation of Mathematical Modeling of Malaria with Vaccination

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Objectives

General Objectives. To formulate and analyse malaria with vaccination.

Specific Objectives.

Formulation of malaria model with vaccination.

Estimation of model parameters

Numerical solution

To clarify the importance of vaccination through model parameters discussion.

Methodology: We build a model through a flowchart diagram. We simulate data which helps to find the parameter values that makes the model to fit to the data in order to verify the validity or adequacy of the model.  We use the least squares method to estimate model parameters and interpretation of it. We analyze the model by computing the basic reproduction number R0, the disease-free equilibrium point and endemic point. And also discuss the behavior of numerical solution.  We solve the model numerically using MATLAB software. Numerical solutions of the model are presented in graphical way that allows to visualize the model predictions.

Results: Model has shown that the vaccination rates reduce the basic reproduction number, which means that the vaccination are involved in eradicating malaria from the population. To control the spread of malaria disease, we introduced the herd immunity strategy which is concerned about immunizing a large number of people in population and take protective measures for the rest including children and also pregnancy women. Thus, we calculated the herd immunity threshold which is 0.0517, this value means that 5.17% of susceptible people has to be immunized to control the spread of plasmodium parasite.  Our model was fitted to simulated data which implies that the model can be used to control the transmission of malaria and to predict the mechanism of prevention by vaccination, it has shown that the vaccination strategy involves in eliminating malaria.

Unique contribution: Malaria is an infectious disease that has become very common and is becoming more widespread in an uncontrolled way throughout Africa, as well as the whole world, due to the bite of the female anopheles’ mosquito which spreads the plasmodium. In an attempt to eradicate this deadly disease, a massive response needs to be mounted by governments to enlighten the public about the prevalence of malaria and also provide remedy for treatment of it. On this issue, over the last few decades there have been millions of dollars and much efforts put into the fight against Plasmodium falciparum malaria but unfortunately there is still no registered vaccine against it.  Is the vaccination the best strategy to reduce the number of peoples dying from malaria? Many researchers worked on different model and they did not introduce the vaccination, in my model Introduce the vaccination to see if it is the best strategies to eradicate the number of people dying from malaria

 

Awareness on Immunization Schedule among Nursing Students

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Introduction: Immunization is the process of including the immunity in an individual against an infection organism or agent, through the vaccination. It stimulates immune system (either humeral or cell mediated) to generate specific protection against an infection agent. Vaccine may be prepared from live modified organism, inactivated or killed organism, toxics, or combination of these. The immune system protects an individual against invasion by foreign bodies, specifically microbial agent and their toxoid product.

Design: The analysis of data was done by descriptive and inferential statistics.

Tool: using a simple random sampling technique.

Sample size: The sample size was 45.

Result: That between age and knowledge level 21 to 22 years of students had adequate (100%) knowledge, between source of information and knowledge level family member has adequate (57.14) knowledge, between area of residence and knowledge level are English language had adequate (50%) knowledge, between parents education and knowledge level 12th pass has adequate (44.74%) knowledge, between course of study and knowledge level GNM students had adequate (66.67) knowledge on immunization schedule. The study result show that knowledge score on immunization for average mean is 12.62 and standard deviations is 5.18.

Risk Factor and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) Patients in TAK Province, Thailand

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Objective: To describe the association of clinical characteristics, clinical progression, and outcome of COVID-19 patients in TAK province, Thailand
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Tak province, Thailand from June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021.
Results: The statistical analysis was done on the records of 15,442 patients who underwent RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 detection at Tak province during the fourth wave of the outbreak. 53.9% of patients were diagnosed asymptomatic. The overall mortality rate among patients with COVID-19 in this study was 1.81%. Patients with ages over 60 years was associated with increased risk of pneumonia (aOR 5.16, 95% CI 4.52-5.89; P < 0.001) and death (aOR 22.09, 95% CI 12.66-38.53, P < 0.001). Myanmar were also significantly associated with pneumonia (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33, P < 0.001) and death (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.44-2.78, P < 0.001). Chronic Kidney Disease (aOR 3.84, 95% CI 2.31-6.38, P < 0.001) and dyspnea (aOR 4.54, 95% CI 3.27-6.31, P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of death as well as the presence of more than one comorbidity (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.99-4.14, P < 0.001). The previous receipt of vaccination regardless of partially (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.08-0 .27; P < 0.001) or fully vaccination (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.19; P < 0.001) was associated with lower odds of mortality. Conclusions: Determining high-risk COVID-19 infected patients can help in the design of appropriate measures and proper management strategies. Ongoing mass vaccination efforts is still an absolutely priority for Thai and non-Thai citizens as a human right to health.

A Review On-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus 2   is known to cause coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious diseaseThe majority of those exposed to the virus can have moderate respiratory issues and can recover without the need for specific treatment. Some, on the other side, can become gravely unwell and require medication. People over the age of 65, as well as those with existing medical disorders such as cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes, severe pulmonary disease, or cancer, are often more likely to form serious illnesses. COVID-19 can make anyone sick and cause serious illness or even death at any age. The Omicron variation in SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the newer coronavirus strain to be identified as a “variant of concern” by the World Health Organization (WHO). Researchers from everywhere in the world, including South Africa, are looking into this variety in order to fully comprehend different aspects of Omicron, but it might take a long time to learn everything there is to know. Due to the scarcity of studies, misinformation about the Omicron variation is spreading around the world, posing a serious threat to healthcare systems and everyday life. Here, we reviewed the finding and characteristics of the Omicron variant, compared the transmission capacity of the Omicron variant with other variants, discussed on the influence of the Omicron variation on the severity of COVID-19 in cancer as well as diabetic patients, and discussed potential strategies and treatments options to avoid and overcome the Omicron variant’s prevalence.