Articles

Design and Development of Overcurrent Protection Relay Inverse Definite Minimum Time Type Based on Arduino Uno

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An overcurrent protection relay is an essential component in electrical system to protect devices from damage due to excessive current. The Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) type has a trip time that depends on the magnitude of the overcurrent, with faster trip times for higher overcurrent levels. Arduino Uno can be used as a microcontroller platform to build an IDMT with relatively low cost and ease of implementation. This research aims to design and construct an Arduino Uno-based IDMT. The system consists of a current sensor, Arduino Uno, and a relay. The current sensor is used to detect the current flowing through the load. The Arduino Uno processes the data from the current sensor and determines if the current exceeds a predefined limit. If the current exceeds the limit, the Arduino Uno will activate the relay to cut off the current flow to the load. The IDMT trip time is implemented using an algorithm that considers the magnitude of the overcurrent and the minimum trip time. The system is tested using a simulator and actual load. Test results show that the Arduino Uno-based IDMT system works well and can protect the load from damage due to overcurrent.

Testing of Desalination Equipment with Condensation Process as a Solution for Islands That Lack Fresh Water

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The purpose of this study was to find out: (1) the volume of fresh water produced from the desalination process; (2) the acidity of water produced from seawater desalination equipment using solar energy. Seawater desalination device model uses solar power. The model of the tool is made in the form of a box (Square). At the bottom there is a seawater reservoir and on the bottom side of the desalination equipment there is a desalination freshwater path connected to the freshwater storage container. In the data collection process, the tool is placed in an open area that can be exposed to direct sunlight, data collection starts from seawater sampling, seawater sampling and testing. The seawater that has been taken is then lifted to the research site and put into the seawater storage area. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are: (1) from the tool that has been tested obtained a tool that can produce fresh water, the first test 18 ml, the second test 14 ml and the third test 23 ml and the acidity of the water is 7% pH or no acidity of water and also this tool can be applied in the tropics; (2) Seawater desalination equipment into fresh water with solar energy that has been made with a box model using glass, at the base of the desalination tool there is a seawater storage pool and on the bottom side of the desalination tool there is a freshwater path.