Articles

Biosurfactant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Medicinal Endophytic Bacteria: A Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Efficacy

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Biosurfactants, surface-active compounds made by bacteria, have drawn interest in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Using biosurfactants isolated from endophytic bacteria, nanoparticles made were looked for their antibacterial and antibiofilm abilities. UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used to confirm the synthesis and stability of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles showed inhibition that were similar to those of standard antibiotics when tested against bacterial strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, indicating it to be a potential antibacterial. Additionally, they were found to be successful in preventing preformed biofilms, which is important because biofilms are a contributing factor to antibiotic resistance and chronic infections and thus can be a suitable biomedical application. These results demonstrate the potential of nanoparticles produced from biosurfactants as an alternative to antibacterial drugs. They are suitable for biological applications because of their ability to inhibit bacterial and biofilm growth. More investigation needs to be carried out to evaluate their toxicity, stability, and biocompatibility. Testing on in vivo models and cell cultures is crucial to determine their efficacy and safety in medical applications. Biosurfactant-based nanoparticles may provide a new and environmentally friendly method of creating an antibiotic in light of the growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. By understanding the need for more research into bio-based options for infection management, this work adds to the expanding area of nanotechnology.

A Green approach of Ag and Au Nanoparticles, Properties and its Applications: A Review

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The emergence of nanotechnology has transformed antimicrobial and cancer treatment methodologies employed by clinicians. Conventional approaches, such as, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy, now have a contemporary counterpart in nano therapy, presenting a potential alternative. This innovative treatment paradigm holds promise due to its minimal side effects in comparison to traditional methods. Notably, metallic nanoparticles synthesized through green chemistry utilizing biological entities, contribute to the mitigation of side effects while augmenting the metal’s efficiency against cancer cells. These environmentally friendly nanoparticles have become integral in research, demonstrating significant antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities across diverse cancer cell lines. In this review concentrates on metal nanoparticles, specially silver and gold, synthesized via green chemistry approach. The aim is to explore their impact on inducing cancer cell death, delving into the associated molecular pathways. The primary objective of this review is to discern strategies for expediting the clinical applications of silver and gold nanoparticles based therapeutic systems. The overarching goal is to reduce normal tissue toxicity consequently elevating the overall efficacy of the treatment. Anticipated advancement in nano-medicines are poised to revolutionize future cancer treatment modalities, ushering in a paradigm shift characterized by minimal side effects and enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Ethanol Extract of Sappan Wood

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Silver nanoparticles had been synthesized through the reduction process using an ethanol extract of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as a bioreductor.  The variation of the formula used is a mixture of the ethanol extract of sappan wood with a 2 mM AgNO3 solution in a volume ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The results showed that the UV-Visible spectrophotometry confirmed that the volume ratio of 1:1 was the optimum formula with an absorbance value of 1.243 at the maximum wavelength of 446 nm. Particle size analysis using Zetasizer Nano ZS revealed that the synthetized silver nanoparticles had a particle size of 618.1 nm. The hydroxyl group (OH) had a important role in the nanoparticle formation process, according to functional group characterization using FTIR. Due to silver nanoparticles tendency  to agglomerate, the SEM image of the silver nanoparticles showed a variety of sizes and forms.