Articles

Risk Factor and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) Patients in TAK Province, Thailand

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Objective: To describe the association of clinical characteristics, clinical progression, and outcome of COVID-19 patients in TAK province, Thailand
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Tak province, Thailand from June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021.
Results: The statistical analysis was done on the records of 15,442 patients who underwent RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 detection at Tak province during the fourth wave of the outbreak. 53.9% of patients were diagnosed asymptomatic. The overall mortality rate among patients with COVID-19 in this study was 1.81%. Patients with ages over 60 years was associated with increased risk of pneumonia (aOR 5.16, 95% CI 4.52-5.89; P < 0.001) and death (aOR 22.09, 95% CI 12.66-38.53, P < 0.001). Myanmar were also significantly associated with pneumonia (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33, P < 0.001) and death (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.44-2.78, P < 0.001). Chronic Kidney Disease (aOR 3.84, 95% CI 2.31-6.38, P < 0.001) and dyspnea (aOR 4.54, 95% CI 3.27-6.31, P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of death as well as the presence of more than one comorbidity (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.99-4.14, P < 0.001). The previous receipt of vaccination regardless of partially (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.08-0 .27; P < 0.001) or fully vaccination (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.19; P < 0.001) was associated with lower odds of mortality. Conclusions: Determining high-risk COVID-19 infected patients can help in the design of appropriate measures and proper management strategies. Ongoing mass vaccination efforts is still an absolutely priority for Thai and non-Thai citizens as a human right to health.

A Review On-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus 2   is known to cause coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious diseaseThe majority of those exposed to the virus can have moderate respiratory issues and can recover without the need for specific treatment. Some, on the other side, can become gravely unwell and require medication. People over the age of 65, as well as those with existing medical disorders such as cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes, severe pulmonary disease, or cancer, are often more likely to form serious illnesses. COVID-19 can make anyone sick and cause serious illness or even death at any age. The Omicron variation in SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the newer coronavirus strain to be identified as a “variant of concern” by the World Health Organization (WHO). Researchers from everywhere in the world, including South Africa, are looking into this variety in order to fully comprehend different aspects of Omicron, but it might take a long time to learn everything there is to know. Due to the scarcity of studies, misinformation about the Omicron variation is spreading around the world, posing a serious threat to healthcare systems and everyday life. Here, we reviewed the finding and characteristics of the Omicron variant, compared the transmission capacity of the Omicron variant with other variants, discussed on the influence of the Omicron variation on the severity of COVID-19 in cancer as well as diabetic patients, and discussed potential strategies and treatments options to avoid and overcome the Omicron variant’s prevalence.

Health Hazards and Protocol for Management of Used Facemasks Outside Hospitals during SARCOV-2 Pandemic

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious pathogenic disease leading to infection and death of millions of people all over the world till the date according to the data provided by John Hopkins University. Peoples have started using various types of mask to protect themselves from getting infected from the deadly corona virus. There has also been large amount of confusion in general public about disposal of the mask as most of them are using for first time in their life. Even healthcare professionals may be unaware of the methods of disposal of the masks outside their hospitals. This mask may carry infections from asymptomatic, SARS-CoV-2 patients that if it comes in contact with other peoples and animals may have severe bio health hazards.

Observation & Management of facemasks: Since the SARS-COV-2 pandemic outbreak since March 2020, personally, we found out that peoples a carelessly throwing masks everywhere including streets, parking lots, beaches, building complexes, sewages and homes. These masks may have been used by asymptomatic carriers or have got infected with these viruses is hazardous not only to the health of the public but also for the household waste collectors, pet animals and marine animals. Disinfecting with sodium hypochlorite * decontaminating methods like washing facemasks and drying in sunlight, pressure cooker sterilisation method, boiling, by using laundry detergent and hot dryer and cleaning in washing machine, etc.

Conclusion & Relevance: The objective of these articles is to alert the public & health care professionals to understand the hazards of throwing the facemasks at public places and preventive measure to be taken during this pandemic time and various methods of decontamination, pre-treatment and disposal of facemask avoiding severe health hazards.

Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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In December 2019 a new type of coronaviruses appeared in China and named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the disease associated with this virus is called Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19. Currently, COVID19 is the main global health threat. In this review, we focus in the current knowledge of immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Dysregulation of immune system, such as elevation levels of proinflammatory mediators and their roles in disease progression and pathogenesis as well as imbalance between innate and adaptive immune cells, are discussed in this review.