Articles

Diabetes Mellitus: A Leading Cause of Death Worldwide

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Diabetes mellitus, or commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which results in insulin resistance, impaired insulin synthesis, or sometimes both. Diabetes affects roughly 400 million people worldwide and the majority being those who are from middle to low income countries. With 1.5 million diabetes related deaths worldwide each year, this literature review aims to give information about the 2 types of diabetes and also highlighting the appropriate preventative measures. Type 1 diabetes refers to the lack of insulin production and type 2 diabetes refers to lower production of insulin and increased insulin resistance; both will result in hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Furthermore, this literature review also aims to explore and describe the pathogenesis and treatments of the 2 types of diabetes.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Risk Factors of Preurolitiasis and Urolitiasis in Farmers’ Population

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The farmer population was isolated by the absolute selection, in the climatic conditions of the Fergana Valley (2551). Of these, 2478 (men – 1270 and women – 1208) were fully examined. Participation in the study was 96.6 percent. The prevalence of common risk factors in a farmer population using epidemiological, survey, biochemical, and instrumental methods are characterized by high rates and have gender–age characteristics. Risk factors vary sharply with age and increase. Farmers have developed inconsistent epidemiological conditions predisposing them to pre–urolithiasis and urolithiasis, and hence their correction leads to success in primary and secondary prevention.

Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Pre-School Children

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The article is devoted to the role of iron, vitamins and minerals in the development of iron deficiency anaemia in children of early and pre-school age. Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most common nutritional-dependent states in the world, which, according to WHO [1], affects more than 1.5 billion people. Iron deficiency is in the form of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) [1, 2] in about half of the cases (over 700 million of the world’s population). ID is mostly due to nutritional reasons, but age and socio-economic factors are also important.