Articles

Contribution of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Rwanda (1992-2022)

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This study examines the impact of changes in population size on economic growth in Rwanda between 1992 and 2022. The research methodology involves the use of secondary data from World Bank development indicators. The key variables analysed include population size, gross capital formation expenditure, and gross domestic product growth rate. A multivariate time series analysis was used to examine the impact of population on economic growth in this study. Diagnostic tests were conducted, and the results indicated that the model was sound. The variables were not significantly affected by heteroskedasticity and serial correlation problems. During the unit root test, it was found that all variables were stationary at the level using intercept and trend. This led to the use of the Ordinary Least Square model. The findings reveal a complex relationship between population dynamics, gross capital formation, and economic growth in Rwanda. The R-squared value was found to be close to one, indicating that population growth and gross capital formation explain economic growth to the greatest extent. The findings from the study showed that population has negative relationship with economic growth. Gross capital formation also plays a crucial role in driving economic growth by facilitating investment activities across different sectors.

Groundwater Distribution in Urban Settlement

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Urban cities are noted for technological and economic advancement but are also the convergent localities for poverty, humans’ disparity, environmental degradations and the propagation of communicable diseases. This study examined groundwater distribution in urban settlement with a view to identify and proffer solutions to the associated problems of improper distribution of groundwater in such area. Literature search was employed mainly to unravel the various groundwater distribution techniques and inferences were made on how to improve the distribution techniques. The study reveal springs, sunk wells and boreholes as the main methods of groundwater distribution in urban areas. Urban settlement leads to uncontrollable rise in population which adversely affects the quantity and quality of the groundwater. There is a general decrease in quantity due to overexploitation while the quality degraded as a result of pollution from industrial waste and the people.  In addition, pollution could be linked to saltwater intrusion since most urban regions of the world are in the coastal area. Groundwater distribution could be ameliorated through recharge management employing artificial recharge. Degraded groundwater quality could be treated to the standard of potable water. Protecting  groundwater  resources  amidst  the  prevailing  rapid  urbanization represent  a  considerable  challenge  that  can  lead  to  escalating  costs  of provision  of  drinking  water  in  the  areas  and  cause considerable decrease  in  public  health conditions. Also, as  it  is  technologically  difficult  and  economically  expensive  to  treat  a contaminated  aquifer,  groundwater  protection  measures  must  be  sought beforehand.

Fiscal Analysis Based on the Implementation of Regional Development in Badung Regency, Bali in 2021

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Covid-19 on the Regional Budget of Badung Regency in 2021 in terms of the aspect of the resulting fiscal gap. This study was designed using a quantitative approach and validated by a qualitative approach. Quantitative data was obtained from budget documents before and after the Covid-19 outbreak and analyzed using the fiscal gap formula. Qualitative data were analyzed by sorting and selecting data (reduce), presenting data (display), and concluding data (conclusion: drawing/verifying). These three analytical techniques are carried out at each stage of the research, both at the preparation stage, the implementation stage in the field, and after the stage in the field. The results of the study found that the weighted value of the population index was 0.344 GDP/capita 0.324 human development 0.267 construction cost 0.247 and area 0.03. Based on the results of these studies, it is recommended to the Badung Regency Government, so that in making development policies pay attention to the value of the index weights that affect the general allocation fund in designing the regional revenue and expenditure budget.