Articles

Effect of Black Garlic Extract on Aspirin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

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Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, are widely used but are associated with gastric mucosal injury through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and oxidative stress mechanisms. Black garlic, a processed form of Allium sativum, has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may provide gastroprotective effects. Objective: To evaluate the effect of black garlic extract on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This experimental laboratory study used a posttest-only control group design. Male Wistar rats were allocated into a negative control group, a positive control group receiving aspirin, and three treatment groups administered black garlic extract at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg body weight. Aspirin was administered orally at 104 mg/kg body weight for seven days to induce gastric mucosal injury, followed by seven days of black garlic extract administration in the treatment groups. Gastric tissues were collected for histopathological examination, and epithelial injury was assessed using the Barthel Manja scoring system. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests.

Results: Histopathological evaluation demonstrated gastric mucosal epithelial injury in the positive control group, predominantly in the form of desquamation and erosion. Administration of black garlic extract was associated with reduced severity of mucosal injury, with progressive improvement observed at higher doses. The group receiving 200 mg/kg body weight showed no detectable gastric mucosal lesions. A significant difference in gastric mucosal injury was observed among groups (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Black garlic extract exhibited a protective effect against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in Wistar rats, with the highest dose demonstrating the most favorable histopathological outcome.

Long–Term Results of Pylorus–Preserving Duodenoplasty in the Surgical Treatment of Perforated Duodenal Ulcers

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The authors analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 479 patients with pyloroduodenal ulcer (PDU). Of these, 381 (79.5%) made up the main group (who underwent excision of the PDU with pylorus–preserving duodenoplasty), and 98 (20.5%) – the comparison group, i.e. control (underwent excision of PDU with pylorus–destroying pyloroduodenoplasty). In the long term after the operations performed, 310 patients were studied after excision of the PDU with pylorus–sparing PD and 82 after PDP with destruction of the integrity of the pylorus sphincter. As a result of optimization of surgical tactics and widespread use of techniques and techniques for excision of PDU with pylorus–sparing DP, excellent and good results in the main group were found in 87.7% of patients (in the control group – 64.4%). Satisfactory results in 12 (3.9%) and 9 (11.0%) patients, respectively. At the same time, unsatisfactory results decreased by 7.1% (in the control group – in 11.0%, in the study group – in 3.9%). Thus, the authors, through the widespread use of techniques and techniques for excision of PDU with pylorus–sparing PD with optimization of surgical tactics, have improved the long–term results of surgical treatment in this pathology.