Articles

Biochemical Influence of Uric Acid and Some Inflammatory Biomarkers on the Association of Oral Hygiene with Cardiovascular Diseases

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Oral hygiene was associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the link is verified by bacterial colonization of the oral cavity and their products that spread into the circulation, starting endothelial dysfunction, pro-atherogenesis, pro-inflammation, and host immune mechanisms. High levels of serum uric acids are linked with CVD that are intern, associated with worsening gum hygiene. Several studies show that hyperuricemia could modify purine catabolism in case of oral disorders, including periodontal diseases (PD) and dental loss. PD and tooth caries were also linked with diabetes mellitus hypertension, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and CVD. Dental caries was defined as an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis too. However, dental restoration was correlated with the burden of arteriosclerosis negatively. Several experimental trials did not affirm the relationship between oral hygiene and CVDs.

Recent research has revealed similar biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers that are involved in CVD and oral diseases like C-reactive protein, interleukins, TNF-α, and others.

This consensus review aims to summarize some of the biochemical and inflammatory evidence connecting poor oral hygiene with the risk of CVD.

The Role of Cupping Therapy (CT) In Pain Tackling, an Insight into Mechanism Therapeutic Effects and its Relevance in Current Medical Scenario

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Cupping Therapy (CT) is popular as ʻAl-Hijamaʼ in Egypt and Arabic countries which is an ancient traditional method which is practiced for the treatment of various medical conditions, especially claims to be a potential remedy in pain related diseases. Basically, this therapy is an integrated part of the Complementary and alternative medicine, it has got utmost popularity in Unani system of medicine too. Although cupping therapy has been a treatment for long, but its mode of action is not well established yet, several studies have been conducted so far in order to investigate the actual mechanisms behind this therapy, still cupping therapy is a matter of dilemma in medical science. So far, several theories and hypothesis have been put forwarded to explain the effects produced by the cupping therapy. This article provides an overview of cupping therapy practice and associated adverse events, therapeutics potential and current prospective in today’s medical science.