Articles

Intergenerational Caregiver Strategies in Caring for Parents and Maintaining Personal Well-Being

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This study explores how young intergenerational caregivers navigate caregiving responsibilities toward aging parents while maintaining their personal well-being. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the research examines the lived experiences of three university students in Jakarta who simultaneously manage academic commitments, paid employment, and family caregiving. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model supported by NVivo 12 Plus. The findings reveal that caregiving among young adults operates as a multidimensional process involving financial management, emotional regulation, and role negotiation. Participants adopted structured income allocation strategies, pursued flexible supplementary work, and practiced careful time management to balance parental care with personal and educational needs. Despite these adaptive efforts, caregivers experienced significant psychosocial pressures, including stress, fatigue, and heightened moral responsibility, shaped by cultural expectations of filial duty and uneven family role distribution. Caregiving responsibilities frequently concentrated on individuals who were structurally available, accelerating their transition into adult roles and constraining personal aspirations.The study highlights forms of everyday resilience developed through pragmatic coping practices and family solidarity. However, reliance on individual adaptability also exposes gaps in formal support systems. These findings underscore the need to reconceptualize intergenerational caregiving as a shared social responsibility rather than an individual burden. Policy interventions integrating financial assistance, educational flexibility, mental health services, and community-based caregiver support are essential to sustain the well-being of young caregivers. The study contributes to caregiving and social development literature by providing empirical insight into how young adults construct meaning, strategy, and identity within intergenerational care arrangements in urban Indonesia.

Challenges of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Children in Coastal Areas: A Literature Review on Prevalence and Risk Factors

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Background: Intestinal Parasitic Infections (IPIs), particularly soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), remain a significant burden for children in low-and middle-income countries. Coastal ecosystems that characterized by sandy soil, high water tables, and tidal flooding, present unique ecological determinants that create transmission pathways distinct from inland settings.

Methods: This review synthesizes data from over 50 studies (2000–2025), specifically focusing on coastal settlements, fishermen villages, and tidal flood-prone areas across Indonesia and Southeast Asia.

Results: Findings indicate that coastal children face elevated risks, with STH prevalence in Indonesian hotspots reaching 30%–70%. While Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides dominate due to humidity, sandy terrains specifically favor the persistence of hookworms and Strongyloides. Crucially, high water tables and tidal inundation render conventional sanitation (pit latrines/septic tanks) ineffective, causing direct fecal contamination of the environment.

Conclusion: Standard terrestrial sanitation is maladapted to coastal hydrological contexts. Mitigation requires the deployment of amphibious infrastructure, such as the Tripikon-S system and elevated latrines, combined with targeted behavioral change communication to disrupt littoral transmission cycles.

Core Revenue of the State: The Opportunities and Challenges of State Revenue Authority (SRA) Establishment in Indonesia

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This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of the opportunities and challenges surrounding the establishment of a State Revenue Authority (SRA) board for Indonesia. Drawing on comparative experiences across Latin America, Africa, and Asia, the review identifies how board structures can enhance strategic oversight, digital transformation, data governance, and integrity safeguards in revenue administration. Evidence suggests that boards add value when their mandates are clear, their composition is diverse and professional, and accountability is institutionalized through transparent reporting and performance metrics. However, autonomy alone does not guarantee stronger outcomes; revenue performance is shaped by the interaction of policy design, administrative capability, and service quality. For Indonesia, stabilizing the Core Tax Administration System (CTAS), embedding data governance under the Satu Data Indonesia and Personal Data Protection frameworks, and institutionalizing integrity measures emerge as near-term priorities. The findings contribute to global debates on tax administration reform while offering practical guidance for policymakers navigating fiscal modernization in Indonesia.

Core State Revenue: Reconstructing the Policy of Centralization of State Revenue Management and Ease of Doing Business in Indonesia (A Systematic Literature Review)

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This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of 58 academic and policy sources published between 2019 and 2025 to analyze the centralization of state revenue management and its implications for the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) in Indonesia. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review integrates evidence from peer-reviewed journals, government publications, and international organization reports. Findings indicate that legal reforms, particularly Law No. 1/2022, and the deployment of the Core Tax Administration System (CTAS) are pivotal in harmonizing tax administration, improving compliance, and enhancing fiscal transparency. Comparative international experiences suggest that technological integration and function-based organizational restructuring can yield significant revenue gains, with projections indicating a 2–3 percentage point increase in the tax-to-GDP ratio by 2027. Additionally, centralization is expected to reduce compliance times, improve EoDB indicators, and boost investor confidence. However, the literature cautions against risks of over-centralization, institutional capacity gaps, and regional disengagement. The study concludes that a “controlled centralization” model, combining national coherence with regional inclusivity, offers the most sustainable path forward. Recommendations for future research include longitudinal impact studies, comparative analyses, and qualitative assessments of taxpayer experiences.

Core-Tax System Implementation and Tax Revenue in Indonesia and OECD Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

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The implementation of core-tax systems represents a transformative step in modernizing tax administration, offering the potential to enhance efficiency, compliance, and revenue generation. This systematic literature review examines the relationship between core-tax system implementation and tax revenue, with a particular focus on Indonesia and comparisons with OECD countries. Drawing from studies published between 2011 and 2024, the review synthesizes insights on the benefits, challenges, and impacts of these systems across different economic and technological contexts. Key findings highlight that digital tax systems improve administrative efficiency, reduce compliance costs, and foster greater transparency. However, challenges such as infrastructure deficits, taxpayer resistance, and regulatory complexity persist, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. By contrast, OECD countries benefit from advanced infrastructure, streamlined regulations, and higher taxpayer trust, providing valuable lessons for nations transitioning to digital systems. In Indonesia, initiatives such as the Core Tax Administration System (CTAS) have shown promise in addressing compliance gaps and increasing revenue collection. Nevertheless, significant barriers remain, including uneven internet access, low digital literacy, and cultural resistance to digital adoption. Comparative analysis underscores the importance of targeted investments in infrastructure, simplification of tax procedures, and fostering trust through transparent practices. This review identifies gaps in the literature, such as the long-term impact of core-tax systems on economic growth and fiscal stability, and calls for future research to explore these dimensions. Policymakers are urged to adopt a holistic approach that integrates technological advancements with robust policy frameworks and taxpayer engagement. By addressing these challenges, countries can leverage core-tax systems to enhance governance, strengthen public finances, and drive sustainable economic development. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on tax modernization and its critical role in shaping equitable and efficient fiscal systems.

Strengthening the Strategic Role of University Research and Community Engagement Bodies in Advancing Regional Collaboration

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Universities are increasingly expected not only to excel in teaching and research but also to actively contribute to sustainable development and regional collaboration. This study investigates how research and community engagement bodies in higher education institutions can be strategically strengthened to integrate the University Social Responsibility (USR) agenda with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through regional collaboration. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research was conducted at Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia, using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary analysis. Data were analyzed thematically and triangulated to ensure reliability and validity. The findings are clustered into three thematic areas: (1) institutional roles, where the Research and Community Engagement Board (BPPM) serves as a bridge between academia and regional priorities; (2) challenges and opportunities, which include resource constraints, teaching overload, and the need for stronger multi-stakeholder collaboration; and (3) strategic mechanisms, encompassing innovation forums, sustainability reporting, and integration with global rankings. Quantitative highlights such as research project outputs, community engagement programs, and budget allocations support these findings. The study contributes to the literature by providing an in-depth understanding of the institutional dynamics that enable universities to operationalize USR and SDGs within regional development frameworks. It also offers practical insights for policymakers and higher education leaders seeking to enhance institutional capacity and governance in pursuit of sustainable and inclusive growth.

Comparison Study between Regulations Implementations in Indonesia and Thailand to Protect Women from Discrimination in the Workplace

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Women’s rights have become a focal point in a series of international conferences that have resulted in significant political commitments to human rights and gender equality. Women still face many challenges in their daily lives, including in the workplace. This research aims to provide an analysis of the position of working women in Indonesia and Thailand who experience discrimination in the workforce. By comparing a series of legal regulations that each of these countries has, particularly regarding the protection of female labour. Economic growth, which is also supported by the increasing participation of women in the workforce, is a strong reason why protection for women in the workplace must be prioritized by both countries. This research uses a normative legal method, which is a research method that involves investigating literature or secondary materials, namely laws regulated based on the rules contained in legislation or law used as a guide for behaviour in the daily lives of society. To complement the results of the writing, a qualitative approach is also used. The issues to be addressed in this study are the forms of legal regulations that govern female workers in Indonesia and Thailand to prevent discrimination, the role of law in promoting the empowerment of women working in Indonesia and Thailand, and the legal status of victims of discrimination against female workers in Indonesia and Thailand. The results of the research indicate that there are still many shortcomings in both countries in protecting their respective female workers. The role of the regulations provided by both Indonesia and Thailand has its own role in the effort to ensure protection for women in the workforce. Starting from regulations regarding wages, working hours, leave rights, and protection for women experiencing discrimination or harassment in the workplace. These regulations are made with the intention to be implemented in every field of work, both formal and informal, for women working in Indonesia and Thailand. The position of victims of discrimination in the workplace in both Indonesia and Thailand still faces various kinds of very concerning challenges. Despite the existence of a series of regulations specifically for this protection, they still do not receive justice commensurate with the authorities. Women victims of discrimination must continue to fight to ensure that they receive fair justice.

Analyzing the Impact of Fintech Development on Indonesia’s Economic Growth: The Mediating Role of the Financial Sector’s GDP

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Fintech is identified as an innovation in the financial services industry that applies digital technology to provide faster, simpler, and more efficient financial services. From a macroeconomic perspective, the rapid growth of fintech and its contribution to the financial sector could encourage economic growth in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of fintech development on Indonesia’s economic growth through the financial sector’s GDP as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative method, utilizing quarterly data from 2018 to 2024, and conducts mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro Model 4 in SPSS. The results show that the number of fintech firms has no direct significant effect on economic growth; however, it does have a significant indirect influence on growth through the financial sector. Meanwhile, total loan disbursement impacts Indonesia’s GDP directly and through the financial industry. In addition, financial services also contribute significantly to the national GDP. These results show that optimizing the economic impact of the financial sector depends on enhancing its capacity to respond to fintech innovation. The study suggests that policymakers, such as government officials and entrepreneurs, should prioritize improving financial sector integration to leverage the advantages of Fintech expansion for national economic growth.

Analysis of Patient Safety Culture among Healthcare Workers at Community Health Centers in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

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This study aims to analyze the culture of patient safety among healthcare workers at Way Halim II Inpatient community health center, Satelit Inpatient community health center, and Pasar Ambon community health center in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, in 2025. This cross-sectional survey used quantitative data that were collected through questionnaires distributed to all 200 healthcare workers using total sampling and analyzed with SPSS software. The research looks at 12 aspects of patient safety culture, such as how openly information is shared, how feedback and communication about mistakes happen, how often safety incidents are reported, how handoffs and transitions are managed, the support from management, responses that don’t punish mistakes, learning within the organization, views on patient safety, staffing levels, actions to promote safety, cooperation between different units, and cooperation within the same unit. The findings indicate that, overall, patient safety culture in the three community health centers is relatively good, particularly in staff support, cross-unit collaboration, and leadership openness. However, challenges remain, especially regarding low reporting rates for non-severe incidents, suboptimal non-punitive environments, and uneven information completeness during handoffs. Promoting inclusive leadership, strengthening teamwork, and fostering open communication are critical for enhancing patient safety practices. This study provides recommendations for policy development, capacity building, and future research directions to foster a sustainable, safety-oriented organizational culture in primary healthcare settings.

Female Sexual Disfunction in Teachers and Nurses of Productive Age in Lampung, Indonesia

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Sexual function is an important part of an individual’s physical and emotional well-being that can be influenced by various factors, including the type of work. Vocational high school (SMK) teachers and nurses are faced with different working conditions, with levels of stress, social interactions, and workloads that may impact their sexual lives. This study aims to analyze sexual function based on the type of work of female teachers and nurses in Indonesia. This study used a cross sectional study 82 people consisting of 41 nurses at Ryacudu Hospital and 41 teachers at SMK 01 Kotabumi, SMK YPIB Kotabumi, SMK Muhammadiah Abung Timur, North Lampung, Indonesia. The sample were selected by purposive sampling from July to December 2024. Data were collected through a questionnaire that measured aspects of sexual function such as sexual satisfaction, sexual desire, and sexual disorders experienced. Data analysis using Mann-Whitney test to determine the differences in sexual function in nurses and teachers. The results show that there is no difference in sexual function in female nurses at HM Ryacudu Hospital Kotabumi and female teachers at SMK 01 Kotabumi, SMK YPIB Kotabumi, SMK Muhammadiah Abung Timur (p-value = 0.745). Female teachers and nurses are expected to pay more attention to their sexual function so that it does not affect their performance at work.