Articles

Politics of Mining: Ecological and Economic Dynamics in Maluku Utara

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The  mining issue in North Maluku Province has become a primary focus, resulting in serious impacts on the economic and investment climate. Challenges related to mining activities include environmental damage, pollution, land conflicts, illegal operations, and licensing issues. The conflict of interest among mining companies, the government, and local communities is worsening over time due to unmet community needs and a shift from protests to resistance. Factors influencing the escalation of conflict include centralization in decision-making regarding mining resources by the government, reducing the participation of local communities in policy processes. Additionally, the lack of concern from mining companies for the welfare of local communities, particularly regarding compensation and social impacts, is also a cause of escalating conflict. This research utilized a descriptive qualitative method. The research findings indicate that community opposition to mining concession policies is caused by neglect of the rights of local communities in terms of compensation, discriminatory treatment in workforce recruitment, and environmental damage post-mining. This underscores the need for holistic and sustainable solutions to resolve mining conflicts in the region, considering the interests of all involved parties.

Integrated Nutrient Management in Bottle gourd [Lagenariasiceraria (Mol) Standl.] Variety Kashi Ganga on the Plant Disease Incidence, TSS and Economics under Malwa condition of Madhya Pradesh

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The investigation entitled, “Integrated Nutrient Management in Bottle gourd [Lagenariasiceraria (Mol) Standl.]  Variety Kashi Ganga on the Plant Disease Incidence,TSS and Economics  under Malwa condition of Madhya Pradesh”  was conducted during the Kharif season of the year 2019-20 in the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Indore (M.P.). The experiment conducted in randomized block design and replicated thrice. There were 15 treatments T0  No application of INM( Control), T8 50%NPK+50%Biofertilizer,T9 50%NPK+50%Humic acid, T10 50 % NPK+25% Vermicompost+25% Compost, T11 50% NPK+50% Vermicompost +Biofertilizer,T1250% NPK +25% Humic acid, T1350% NPK + 16.6% Vermicompost +16.6%Compost+16.6%Humicacid,T14 50% NPK+ 16.6% Vermicompost+ 16.6% Compost +16.6% Humic acid+ Biofertilizer. From the outcome, it can be concluded that the applied of different treatment combination of integrated nutrient management at proved to be effectively   minimizes the disease and insect incidence of bottle gourd. The data on the treatment in T10 (50%NPK+ 25%Vermicompost+25%Compost)(23.50 pest and 21.67 disease) was found most effective in minimum the red pumpkin beetle population and powdery mildew in the bottle gourd.. The similar treatment produced highest B:C(4.53). Bottle gourd fruit produce under integrated nutrient management exhibited significant differences on total soluble solids. TSS in fruits was range from 5.50 to 2.50 0 Brix.

Application of the Delayed Royalty Framework for Onshore Petroleum Investment in Nigeria Using the 1993 Production Sharing Contract

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The 1993 production sharing contract (PSC) in Nigeria specifies different royalty rates for oil and gas investment. The royalty rates were fixed. This makes the fiscal arrangement to be regressive in nature. Royalty rate of 20% is to be paid for onshore investment using the 1993 PSC. Hence, there is a need to make the fiscal arrangement progressive. The delayed royalty framework was incorporated into the1993 PSC as a progressive measure to make it dynamic. Two economic models were developed using spreadsheet technique to evaluate the impact of the delayed royalty framework on onshore petroleum investment. The 1993 PSC fiscal framework was used to develop the economic models. The delayed royalty framework was incorporated into one of the models. The delay in royalty payment hinged on the payout period of the investment. It was observed that the delayed royalty framework increased the contractor’s revenue during the period of low oil price. Thus, increasing the sustainability of the investment during period of low oil price.