Articles

The Impact of Gross Domestic Product and Economic Growth on Tax Revenues in Five Asean Countries

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The study was conducted to determine the impact of gross domestic product and economic growth on tax revenues in five ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Considering the importance of the influence of a country’s gross domestic product and economic growth in maximizing tax revenues, which are the main source of revenue in developing countries. In this study, variables for gross national product, economic growth, and tax revenues were used. This study used derived data and was analyzed using the Eviews app. The results of this study show that gross domestic growth and gross economic growth have a positive and significant impact on tax revenues at the same time. Gross domestic product has a positive and significant impact on tax revenues. Variable economic growth also has a positive and significant effect on tax revenues. In order to maximize tax revenue, each country’s government has strived to find different ways to increase tax revenues, such as tax reform, cooperation with ASEAN countries, improving tax administrations through a digitalization system to facilitate tax payment and reporting.

Core-Tax System Implementation and Tax Revenue in Indonesia and OECD Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

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The implementation of core-tax systems represents a transformative step in modernizing tax administration, offering the potential to enhance efficiency, compliance, and revenue generation. This systematic literature review examines the relationship between core-tax system implementation and tax revenue, with a particular focus on Indonesia and comparisons with OECD countries. Drawing from studies published between 2011 and 2024, the review synthesizes insights on the benefits, challenges, and impacts of these systems across different economic and technological contexts. Key findings highlight that digital tax systems improve administrative efficiency, reduce compliance costs, and foster greater transparency. However, challenges such as infrastructure deficits, taxpayer resistance, and regulatory complexity persist, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. By contrast, OECD countries benefit from advanced infrastructure, streamlined regulations, and higher taxpayer trust, providing valuable lessons for nations transitioning to digital systems. In Indonesia, initiatives such as the Core Tax Administration System (CTAS) have shown promise in addressing compliance gaps and increasing revenue collection. Nevertheless, significant barriers remain, including uneven internet access, low digital literacy, and cultural resistance to digital adoption. Comparative analysis underscores the importance of targeted investments in infrastructure, simplification of tax procedures, and fostering trust through transparent practices. This review identifies gaps in the literature, such as the long-term impact of core-tax systems on economic growth and fiscal stability, and calls for future research to explore these dimensions. Policymakers are urged to adopt a holistic approach that integrates technological advancements with robust policy frameworks and taxpayer engagement. By addressing these challenges, countries can leverage core-tax systems to enhance governance, strengthen public finances, and drive sustainable economic development. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on tax modernization and its critical role in shaping equitable and efficient fiscal systems.

Comparison Study between Regulations Implementations in Indonesia and Thailand to Protect Women from Discrimination in the Workplace

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Women’s rights have become a focal point in a series of international conferences that have resulted in significant political commitments to human rights and gender equality. Women still face many challenges in their daily lives, including in the workplace. This research aims to provide an analysis of the position of working women in Indonesia and Thailand who experience discrimination in the workforce. By comparing a series of legal regulations that each of these countries has, particularly regarding the protection of female labour. Economic growth, which is also supported by the increasing participation of women in the workforce, is a strong reason why protection for women in the workplace must be prioritized by both countries. This research uses a normative legal method, which is a research method that involves investigating literature or secondary materials, namely laws regulated based on the rules contained in legislation or law used as a guide for behaviour in the daily lives of society. To complement the results of the writing, a qualitative approach is also used. The issues to be addressed in this study are the forms of legal regulations that govern female workers in Indonesia and Thailand to prevent discrimination, the role of law in promoting the empowerment of women working in Indonesia and Thailand, and the legal status of victims of discrimination against female workers in Indonesia and Thailand. The results of the research indicate that there are still many shortcomings in both countries in protecting their respective female workers. The role of the regulations provided by both Indonesia and Thailand has its own role in the effort to ensure protection for women in the workforce. Starting from regulations regarding wages, working hours, leave rights, and protection for women experiencing discrimination or harassment in the workplace. These regulations are made with the intention to be implemented in every field of work, both formal and informal, for women working in Indonesia and Thailand. The position of victims of discrimination in the workplace in both Indonesia and Thailand still faces various kinds of very concerning challenges. Despite the existence of a series of regulations specifically for this protection, they still do not receive justice commensurate with the authorities. Women victims of discrimination must continue to fight to ensure that they receive fair justice.

Analyzing the Impact of Fintech Development on Indonesia’s Economic Growth: The Mediating Role of the Financial Sector’s GDP

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Fintech is identified as an innovation in the financial services industry that applies digital technology to provide faster, simpler, and more efficient financial services. From a macroeconomic perspective, the rapid growth of fintech and its contribution to the financial sector could encourage economic growth in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of fintech development on Indonesia’s economic growth through the financial sector’s GDP as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative method, utilizing quarterly data from 2018 to 2024, and conducts mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro Model 4 in SPSS. The results show that the number of fintech firms has no direct significant effect on economic growth; however, it does have a significant indirect influence on growth through the financial sector. Meanwhile, total loan disbursement impacts Indonesia’s GDP directly and through the financial industry. In addition, financial services also contribute significantly to the national GDP. These results show that optimizing the economic impact of the financial sector depends on enhancing its capacity to respond to fintech innovation. The study suggests that policymakers, such as government officials and entrepreneurs, should prioritize improving financial sector integration to leverage the advantages of Fintech expansion for national economic growth.

The Effect of Inflation, Economic Growth, and Leverage on Change in Profit: The Moderating Role of Interest Rate Levels at Regional and Branch Offices of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. in North Sumatra Province

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The amount of profit at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. In North Sumatra Province, Indonesia is still not optimal. The purpose of this research is to test and analyze the impact of various factors such as Inflation, Economic Growth, Leverage, and Interest Rates as moderating variables on Profit Changes. The population in this research is all financial reports of PT—Bank Rakyat Regional Offices and Branches in North Sumatra Province. Meanwhile, the sample in this research is PT’s financial report. Bank Rakyat Regional Offices and Branches in North Sumatra Province from 2018 to 2023, thus there are 6 Annual Reports. Researchers will utilize the data in the financial reports of the Regional Office and Branch Offices of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. in the region as a research data source. The analysis process in this research was carried out using the Eviews. The findings of this research show that: Inflation has a negative effect and Economic Growth has a positive impact on Profit Changes. In addition, interest rates can only moderate the impact of inflation and leverage on changes in profits.

The Importance of MSMEs for Poverty Alleviation: A Story from Indonesia

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Objective: This study examines poverty in Indonesia from an economic approach and discusses the importance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). It focused on the impact of these enterprises on poverty in the country.

Methodology: The analysis incorporated an autoregressive model wherein total workers in MSMEs and economic growth rate as explanatory variables. Annual time series data for the period of 2007-2019 has been used. The study also reviews the earlier empirical studies on the relationship between the growth of MSMEs and poverty alleviation in many other countries/regions. It represents the descriptive analysis of the explanatory variables and trends in poverty and MSMEs’ workforce. The poverty-reducing impact of the increase in MSMEs’ workers has been examined.

Findings: The result is significant which implies that MSMEs can play a very important role in poverty alleviation in Indonesia. The results of the study imply that a strong MSME base is required for the development of the economy and poverty alleviation in the country.

Noverlty: There are many studies regarding MSMEs in Indonesia. However, empirical research regarding the impact of the growth of employment opportunities in MSMEs on poverty levels in Indonesia is still very rare. Therefore, this research fills this gap and at the same time stimulates further research.

The Interrelationship between Economic Growth and Tax Revenues in Cambodia

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The relationship between economic growth and the growth rate of tax revenues on goods and services, tax revenue on income, profit, and capital gain, and tax revenue on international trade and transaction was analyzed using a VAR model. All variables in this study were found to be integrated of order one, therefore the model was run using first differences. The lag length of the model was determined to be optimal at lag-two based on the information criterion. The estimated results of the model successfully passed all diagnostic tests, including tests for residual normality, serial correlation, and heteroscedasticity. Since all the inverse roots of the AR characteristic polynomial were within the unit circle, the model was deemed stable. The empirical findings from the VAR model indicated that the growth rate of tax revenue on income, profit, and capital had the most significant impact on economic growth, ranging from 2.3505% to 2.7155%. This was followed by tax revenue on goods and services, ranging from 0.5776% to 0.5954%, and tax revenue on international trade and transaction, ranging from 0.2747% to 0.5930%. Furthermore, the response of the growth rate of all tax revenues to changes in the economic growth rate exhibited a cyclical pattern around its mean.

Shariah Stocks, Sukuk, and Shariah Mutual Funds on the Economic Growth of Indonesia: The Role of Exchange Rate

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This study aims to analyze the influence of Shariah stocks, Sukuk, and Shariah mutual funds on Indonesia’s economic growth during 2012-2021, with the exchange rate as a moderating variable. The research utilized a quantitative approach and secondary data from the Financial Services Authority, the Central Statistics Agency, and the Bank of Indonesia. Descriptive statistics, normality tests, multicollinearity tests, autocorrelation tests, heteroskedasticity tests, and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Shariah stocks, Sukuk, and Shariah mutual funds significantly impacted Indonesia’s economic growth. Individually, Sukuk and Shariah mutual funds positively influenced economic growth, while Shariah stocks did not have a significant effect. Furthermore, the exchange rate moderated the relationship between Shariah stocks, Sukuk, and Shariah mutual funds and economic growth. The implications of this study highlight the importance of developing the Shariah financial market in Indonesia and the need for supportive policies to foster its growth. However, this study is limited by secondary data and a limited period. Future research should consider expanding the scope of data and extending the time frame to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of Shariah stocks, Sukuk, and Shariah mutual funds on Indonesia’s economic growth.

JCI Correlation with JII and LQ45 on The Indonesia Stock Exchange

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Investors who invest want to earn profits from the funds invested in the capital market. This study will see whether Economic Growth, SBI, Dollar Exchange, LQ-45 and JII affect the JCI.

The method of analysis is multiple regression (Multiple Regression Analysis) and the research data is processed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) program and the research period is from 2010 to 2021.

The conclusion is that Economic Growth, SBI, Dollar Exchange and JII have no significant effect on the JCI, while LQ-45 has a significant effect on the JCI. Simultaneously Economic Growth, SBI, Dollar Exchange, LQ-45 and JII have a significant effect on the JCI for the period 2010 to 2021.

Contributions of Electricity and Gas Sub-Sector to Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Linear Approach

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Industrial policies were developed to stimulate and provide opportunities for prospering industrial activities following the decline of investment in the agricultural sector. This followed the discovery of crude oil in Nigeria. Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioner, an industrial sub-sector is very crucial and requisite channel for industrial development, whether for automated, machines services or computer manufacturing processes. Failure in energy and power supply, as well as gas flaring remains a fundamental problem in Nigeria’s development. This study examined the impact of electricity and gas sub-sector of industrial sector on economic growth in Nigeria using data from 1980 to 2020. Vector error correction mechanism was used to determine the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable. In the short run, our study shows the existence of positive, non-significant impact of electricity and gas output on economic growth. However, in the long run there was positive significant impact of electricity and gas output on economic growth in Nigeria within the period of study. The implication of the result is that adequate production and utilization of electricity and gas will spur economic activities that will generate economies of scale; since every component of the economy (industry, urbanization, modernized farming, etc) extensively demand for electricity and gas. Also, efficiency of electricity and gas would reduce energy bills for poor households, helps the nation to tackle greenhouse gas emissions. The continues gas flaring and consistent power cut in electricity in Nigeria affected industrial sector in Nigeria. This study showed that there is positive significant impact of electricity and gas on economic growth if there is intentional implementation of power policy with conscious disciplinary actions to control defaulters and make substantial investment that would stimulate industrial activities to spur economic growth.