Articles

Balinese Lexicons Related to Segehan Offerings: An Ecolinguistics Study

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Balinese Hindu Religion has various types of offerings from the simple ones to the most extravagant ones. Segehan is one of the simplest offerings conducted to maintain the harmony of nature and humans. The word segehan comes from the word suguh with the suffix –an, which means an offering presented to the manifestation of God in the form of Bhuta Kala in the hope of maintaining harmony and balance in nature. This offering is for the Bhuta Kala. This article aims to map the Balinese lexicons related to Segehan and the types of segehan by applying an ecolinguistics approach. Ecolinguistics discusses in detail how the environment influences the use of language in a community. The research is qualitatively conducted in Marga Village Tabanan and Badung Bali Indonesia. The Balinese Lexicons related to Segehan showed that there are lexicons related to nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Meanwhile, the types of Segehan are Segehan Putih Kuning, Segehan Barak, Segehan Selem, Segehan Manca Warna,  Segehan Lelipi, Segehan Wong-Wongan, Segehan Agung,  and Segehan Cacah.

The Balinese Lexicons Related to Banten Munggah in Piodalan Alit Rituals: An Ecolinguistics Study

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Piodalan or Odalan is a Hindu religious ceremony known as commemoration of the birth or birthday of a temple. The Piodalan ritual can be performed once every six months (210 days) based on wuku calculations which refer to the Hindu calendar calculations, or every year if based on sasih or month calculations, and if done every year it is called Pujawali. This ceremony is carried out to express gratitude for the abundant blessing from Hyang Widhi Wasa (the Creator)

In its implementation, Piodalan ceremony uses upakara /ritual in the form of bebantenan /offerings of which forms depend on the village/place, kala/time, and patra /circumstances, therefore piodalan is distinguished according to the level of upakara, into alit/ small, madya/ middle, and agung/huge. This research aims to discuss (1) The lexicon involved in Banten Munggah of the piodalan alit rituals, and (2) the morphological forms of these lexicons. The theories applied to achieve these goals are ecolinguistic theory (language use related to the environment), and morphological theory (word formation/lexicon).

This research is descriptive-qualitative field research using observation and note-taking techniques. The results of the analysis are presented using formal and informal methods, with inductive and deductive techniques. This research was conducted in Tabanan and Gianyar Regencies. The results reveal (1) The lexicon related to Banten Munggah of piodalan alit ceremony includes the lexicons on the offerings placed on the individual temple in the compound (banten munggah), it includes Banten Pejati, banten cenik, banten pejrimpenan. (2) the morphological forms of these lexicons are in the base forms, forms with affixations or derived forms, reduplications, and compound words.

Ecolinguistics Study on Balinese Lexicons of Memande at Celuk Village Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia

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The study on Balinese lexicons related to Memande (silver and gold smith) at Celuk Village in Gianyar Bali concerned with the types of lexicons use in:  the materials, tools, products, and activities of the silver and goldsmiths. The study is field research in which the data were gathered in the field by applying in-depth interviews and observation with the silver and gold smiths. The theories of eco-linguistics and sociolinguistics were applied to analyse the data. The findings showed that there were 21 lexicons of tools, 5 lexicons of material, 25 lexicons of products, and 19 lexicons of activities.