Articles

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Addressing Diarrhea, Constipation, and Abdominal Pain

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. This paper aim was to provide an overview of recent advancements in the treatment of IBS, focusing on the management of its main symptoms: diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.

For individuals with IBS-D, various therapeutic options are available, including rifaximin, peripheral opioid agonists, mixed opioid agonists/antagonists, bile acid sequestrants, and serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Rifaximin, a nonabsorbable antibiotic, has demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing IBS symptoms, such as bloating and loose stools, with good tolerability and safety. Also the repeated use of rifaximin for managing recurrent IBS symptoms. In IBS-C patients, bulking agents, osmotic laxatives, and prokinetic agents like lubiprostone have shown efficacy in improving constipation and overall symptoms. Linaclotide, a drug that increases intestinal chloride secretion, has demonstrated significant improvement in bowel movements and abdominal pain in IBS-C patients. However, it may cause diarrhea in some individuals. IBS-M, characterized by alternating constipation and diarrhea, poses a challenge in terms of specific drug treatments. A comprehensive assessment of potential underlying causes and careful history taking is crucial for effective management. Abdominal pain is a common symptom in IBS, regardless of subtype. Antispasmodic drugs, peppermint oil, and trimebutine have shown effectiveness in reducing pain and improving symptoms. Antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, may offer relief by modulating pain pathways and influencing gastrointestinal motility. Benzodiazepines, particularly dextofisopam, have shown potential in improving stool consistency but require further evaluation.

In conclusion, recent advancements in the treatment of IBS have provided a range of therapeutic options targeting its main symptoms. However, further research is needed to develop tailored treatments for specific IBS subtypes and to explore the efficacy of potential alternatives, including benzodiazepines. Improved management of IBS symptoms can significantly enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.

Determinants of the Risk Factors for Diarrhea in Toddlers at the Limboto Health Center, Gorontalo Regency

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Parenting is one of the factors that are closely related to the growth and development of children, including several things, namely food, which is a source of nutrition, vaccination, exclusive breastfeeding, treatment when sick, and environmental cleanliness and clothing. This study aims to determine the effect of maternal care patterns for stunting in children aged 0-23 months in the Gorontalo District. This type of descriptive-analytical research has a population of 1614 mothers under two and a sample of 188 mothers under two. The research results were the effect of parenting style on the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-23 months (p-value=0.022), parenting health, and sanitation parenting patterns on the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-23 months (p- value = 0.000). The most influential factor is the factor of healthy parenting (p-value = 0.001). This study concludes that the mother’s parenting style influences the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-23 months in Gorontalo Regency, with the most dominant influencing factor, namely health parenting factors. Future researchers are expected to be able to conduct further research on stunting outside of other variables besides maternal parenting.

The Relationship between Latrine Ownership and the Incidence of Diarrhea in Toddlers in South Buton Regency, 2022

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Background: Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years of age, and is responsible for killing around 525,000 children each year. South Buton Regency, Diarrheal Disease is still included in the order of the 10 most common diseases. The coverage of services for diarrhea sufferers for all ages in South Buton Regency was 39.77%, while the coverage of services for diarrhea sufferers in the toddler age group in South Buton Regency was 28.82%. From the results of the above achievements it can be seen that the coverage of services for diarrhea sufferers in 2021 in all age groups and the under five age group has not yet reached the target of 100%.

Purpose(s): Knowing the relationship between latrine ownership and the incidence of diarrhea in South Buton Regency in 2022.

Method: Type of research uses a quantitative descriptive with a cross sectional design. Data collection was carried out by survey method using questionnaires and observation sheets The sample in this study was 2800 houses, with housewives as respondents

Results: The results of the statistical test using the chi-square test obtained a p-value = 0.005 <0.05 because the p-value is less than 0.05, then H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means there is a relationship between latrine ownership and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the Buton district. South in 2022.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between latrine ownership and the incidence of diarrhea in South Buton District in 2022.

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Diarrhea among the Mother of Under Five Children at Kansa Village

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The Primary Ailment In Children Under The Age Of Five Is Diarrhea. Around 1.5 Million Children Die From Diarrhoea Each Year, With Asia Accounting For 38% Of All Deaths. In India, There Are Over 2 Million Cases Of Diarrhea Each Year. Children Between The Ages Of 28 Days And 5 Years: 6.6 Million Deaths The Purpose Of This Descriptive Study Was To Gauge The Mothers Of Young Children In Kansa Village’s Knowledge Of Diarrhea. No probability Purposive Sampling Technique Included 30 Mothers Of Children Under The Age Of Five. The Study’s Findings Show That 23 (76.66 Percent) Of The Mothers Of Children Under Five Had Somewhat Adequate Knowledge About Diarrhea, With 4 (13.33 Percent) Having Adequate Knowledge And 3 (10%) Having Insufficient Knowledge. Significant Correlations Were Found Between Socio demographic Factors And Mothers’ Knowledge. Age, Types Of Family, Occupation Of Mother, Education Of Mother, Varieties Of House And Types Of Health Resources Used. The Study Concluded That, Most Of Mothers Of Kansa Village Require Awareness Regarding Diarrhea And Its Management.