Articles

How Socio-Economic Factors Influence Household Saving Patterns: Insights from Faisalabad, Pakistan

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Saving is vital at both micro and macro levels, at the micro level it secures the future of individuals and at a macro level, it increases the level of investment which increases the level of the country’s economic growth.  This study examined the impacts of socio-economic factors on household saving behaviour in Faisalabad Pakistan. Cross-sectional data was collected at the district level from 200 respondents from rural and urban areas of Faisalabad. A stratified random sampling technique was used for data collection. Household saving were used as the dependent variable and income, age, square of age, dependency ratio, marital status, employment status, level of education, wealth and liability were used as independent variables and regression was used for data analysis. The results of this study revealed that income and employment level significantly and directly impact household savings. Dependency ratio, marital status, level of education, wealth and liability have inverse and significant impact on household level of saving.

Analysing Consumer Behaviour and Demand Dynamics of Poultry Based Fast Food in Faisalabad, Pakistan

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Fast food consumption among young people is growing rapidly worldwide, driven by convenience, affordability, and marketing strategies. This has led to notable dietary changes in South Asia, including Pakistan. This study uses demand theory and analysing participant survey data to understand the factors influencing fast food consumption in Faisalabad, a city experiencing rapid urbanization. The analysis reveals that younger, educated, and higher-income individuals are the primary consumers of fast food. Food quality plays a significant role in driving spending, while price sensitivity is relatively low. For example, a 1% increase in price results in only a 0.14% decrease in consumption. On the other hand, income elasticity shows that a 1% increase in income leads to a 15.88% rise in consumption. The study also highlights how popular fast food items like burgers, pizza, and shawarma have substitutive and complementary relationships. These findings offer businesses, policymakers, and health experts valuable insights to address fast-food trends’ social, economic, and health effects.

Exploring Consumer Behavior and Its Impact on Spotify Customer Loyalty among Generation Z in Indonesia

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This study examines consumer behavior toward Spotify Customer Loyalty among Generation Z in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach and SEM analysis with SmartPLS 3, the study found that consumer behavior factors, including Brand Image, Price, Digital Service Quality, and Advertising, have a significant positive influence on Purchase Decisions, which in turn have a significant positive impact on Customer Loyalty. Consumer behavior contributes 59% in the moderate category. These findings recommend that Spotify enhance its marketing strategies through engaging advertisements to strengthen customer loyalty among Generation Z in Indonesia.

Factors Influencing Customers’ Attention and Decision on Instagram of Education Agencies in Istanbul: A Qualitative In-Depth Interview Study

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This study aimed to identify the factors that influence customers’ attention and decision-making on Instagram for education agencies in Istanbul. In these days, social media is one of the strongest approaches to promoting or selling services. People are browsing social media daily on public transportation and during their leisure time. This is a great opportunity for those agencies to reach the potential customers they are looking for through ads. The researchers gathered primary qualitative data using in-depth interviews. Ten students from Africa and the Middle East who currently live and study in Istanbul were the study’s target sample. The findings show that the interviewees open social media platforms from 1 to 2 times daily, and the average usage duration is between 2 and 3 hours. The main factors that encourage the interviewees to follow business pages on Instagram are content, the brand’s quality, word-of-mouth, price, and the most important one is the page’s content, including the content in Arabic. Also, including a contact number will increase the chances of the ad being opened. Other factors include the number of offered services, the year of establishment, the number of followers, website availability, contact information availability, the number of users or customers, content, price, face-to-face services, and achievements by these companies (success stories, content in English and Arabic, physical address, information about the company’s team, design, and creativity). Regarding the trust factor in terms of education agencies, word-of-mouth and the number of followers are considered the main keys. A possible improvement for education agencies from a customer perspective is increasing the number of ads targeting international students, including videos and pictures. Also, these agencies need to list their team members’ details to increase trust, and professional customer service is required to improve the performance of these agencies, including clarity and honesty.