Articles

Synthesizing the Ecological and Societal Ramifications of Environmental Stressors on Philippine Marine Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Literature Review

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Coral reefs, which serve as essential ecosystems that support marine biodiversity and coastal populations, are declining at an alarming rate worldwide, including in the Philippines. This study explores the specific effects of overfishing, the causes, and effects of pollution on Philippine waters to understand better rising sea levels, ocean acidification, the overall impact of climate change on coral reefs, and the value of these coral habitats to local communities. Data were acquired using a qualitative approach through literature reviews of secondary sources. The findings show that overfishing, pollution, climate change, and habitat destruction are major causes of coral reef decline in the Philippines. These factors have resulted in severe reductions in coral cover, biodiversity loss, and decreased ecosystem services. Furthermore, coral reef decline has far-reaching consequences for Philippine biodiversity, including decreased resistance to environmental stressors and greater vulnerability of coastal people. This study highlights the urgency for coordinated conservation initiatives, such as enhanced management tactics, sustainable fishing practices, and climate change mitigation measures. Recommendations include creating marine protected areas, stronger coastal development rules, and public awareness programs to support coral reef protection. Addressing coral reef loss is crucial for protecting Philippine biodiversity and ensuring the long-term viability of marine ecosystems.

NEP 2020: The Status of the Role of Infrastructure in Enhancing Physical Education Programs

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Physical Education programs play a crucial role in promoting healthy lifestyles and holistic development among individuals, particularly in educational settings. This review paper aims to comprehensively examine the role of infrastructure in enhancing Physical education programs. Infrastructure encompasses various components such as facilities, equipment, and outdoor spaces. Understanding how these elements contribute to the effectiveness of Physical education programs is essential for optimizing student engagement, learning outcomes, and overall well-being. Physical Education, which includes social skills development, physical fitness, cognitive growth, and the acquisition of critical movement abilities, is a vital component in the promotion of lifetime health and general well-being. Physical education programs’ ability to succeed is largely dependent on the framework that encourages and supports learning. Physical Education program quality and results are significantly influenced by the infrastructure, which includes buildings, tools, and outdoor areas. A comprehensive range of services, materials, and facilities that are necessary to promote an atmosphere that encourages sports participation and active living are included in Physical Education’s infrastructure. Everything from well-equipped gymnasiums to accessible playgrounds support inclusiveness, accessibility, and engagement among a wide range of populations in addition to facilitating a variety of sporting activities. Infrastructure may contribute significantly to the advancement of physical activity, sports participation, and overall well-being by implementing a comprehensive approach that solves financing gaps, prioritizes sustainability, facilitates equal access, and cultivates community relationships. This study intends to investigate these possibilities to optimize infrastructure’s influence on physical education programs.