Articles

Super Glue Production by Dermatophytes: Review

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Dermatophytosis can be caused on by the invasion and infection of keratinized tissues in people and animals via a group of filamentous fungus known as dermatophytes. About a quarter of the world’s population is affected by it which is one of the most prevalent superficial fungal diseases.  Some of these fungi have the capacity to develop complex 3-D biofilm structures, or “biofilm,” which are distinguished by the creation of extracellular polymeric molecules and a heightened drug resistance. The assessment of biofilm now relies on a variety of different methods, which frequently results in various evaluations of the microbial strains’ capacity to create biofilms.

It has only recently been discovered the architecture and growth features of dermatophytic biofilms (Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp.). Additionally, the structural complexity and lack of research on filamentous fungal biofilms make therapy challenging. Therefore, there is a demand for newer antifungals or methods for treating resistant dermatophytosis to offer an efficient, original, and safe substitute to current treatments. Therefore, this review highlighted on the significance, characterization and evaluation of biofilm that produced from dermatophytes.

 

Prevalence Study of Biofilm Marker ica D Gene among Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus of Mastitic Origin

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Bovine Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, usually due to microbial infection, which causes economic loss to dairy producer every year. Staphylococcus is one of the most common pathogens responsible for contagious mastitis in bovines. The aim of this study was to identify coagulase positive Staphylococci isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. In vitro biofilm forming ability of the isolates, an important virulence factor of mastitogen and prevalence of biofilm marker icaD gene among the isolates. In the present study, 70 isolates were biochemically identified as S. aureus. Biochemically characterized strains of S. aureus were screened for biofilm formation. Phenotypic detection of biofilm formation of S.aureus were done by two methods, namely, Congo Red Agar (CRA) method and Tube Method (TM). The frequency of biofilm formation in S. aureus strains was 28.57 per cent on CRA plates while 71.42 per cent were biofilm non-producers. The frequency of biofilm formation in S. aureus strains was 38.57 per cent in total as shown by tube method while 61.42 per cent were biofilm non-producers. Employing PCR, molecular detection technique of icaD gene was carried out. In this study, 72.85 per cent S. aureus strains were found to be positive for icaD gene which produced an amplicon of 381bp.