Articles

Assessing Consumer Perceptions and Intentions Toward Plant-Based Meat: Scale Development and Exploration

/in /by

This paper introduces a comprehensive multidimensional scale designed to assess consumer perceptions and intentions regarding plant-based meat (PBM) products. In light of the global shift toward sustainable food choices, this study addresses the need for a holistic instrument to gauge various facets of PBM adoption. The scale comprises five core dimensions: (1) Perceived Benefits of PBM, encompassing health, environmental, and ethical considerations; (2) Perceived Barriers to PBM, encompassing concerns related to taste, protein content, texture, price, and sustainability; (3) Consumer Attitudes Toward PBM, reflecting sensory experiences and perceived similarity to traditional meat; (4) Awareness of PBM, assessing knowledge of PBM existence and prior consumption; and (5) Purchasing Intentions of PBM, measuring intentions based on factors such as taste, health benefits, sustainability, price, labeling, and positioning.

The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) findings indicate that the multidimensional scale effectively captures the intricate nature of consumer perceptions regarding PBM. Notably, consumer attitudes toward PBM are influenced by sensory experiences and perceived product similarity to traditional meat. Additionally, perceived benefits, including health, environmental sustainability, and ethical considerations, significantly influence consumer attitudes and purchasing intentions. Conversely, perceived barriers, encompassing concerns about taste, protein content, and price, may present obstacles to PBM adoption. The scale’s dimensions offer practical implications for marketers, policymakers, and scholars. Marketers can tailor their product positioning to emphasize factors such as taste, health benefits, and sustainability. Policymakers can design effective public health campaigns and policies to promote sustainable and healthier dietary choices. Scholars can utilize the scale to conduct in-depth research on PBM adoption, enabling cross-cultural comparisons, longitudinal studies, and intervention assessments.

Challenges and Barriers for Employees in Conducting Physical Fitness Measurements: A Literature Review

/in /by

Physical fitness measurement is one of the central government’s programs that must be implemented by employees in government institutions such as community health canters in order to increase productivity at work by maintaining a fit body condition and improving the health status of employees. The measurement of physical fitness has various challenges and obstacles, both for health canter employees and those working in other public service places. This study aims to identify the challenges and barriers faced by employees in conducting physical fitness measurements. The research method used a literature review, selecting articles using the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases with inclusion criteria including articles in the form of studies with qualitative or quantitative approaches, in Indonesian or English, full-text, and published in the period from 2016 to 2024. A total of 50 articles were obtained, of which 10 articles were included in the discussion. The research results show that the barriers to measuring physical fitness include physical and social environmental barriers in efforts to improve employees’ fitness and physical stamina; work efficiency and productivity; the need for improved facilities and infrastructure to support employees in physical fitness activities; challenges in measuring physical fitness, including the target distance for the Rockport fitness measurement method at 1.6 km, the high workload of employees which necessitates enhancing their fitness measurement capabilities, employees’ understanding and knowledge, as well as instructions or commands from their superiors to improve the quality of physical fitness measurement results optimally.

A Study of Export Barrier in Garut Leather Tannery Industry

/in /by

The economic development of a country currently cannot be separated from the condition of global economy. Economic relations between country is an influencing factor for the development of both country involved. Therefore, export activity of an industry is very important for the development of a country’s economy. Based on data obtained through the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia, export distribution in the form of footwear is 86%, leather finished goods are 13%, and leather is 1%. According to these data, it can be seen that the contribution of the leather tanning industry which is included in Leather Goods is very small in the total export distribution of leather. Meanwhile, by carrying out export activities, the leather industry will benefitted because it will open access to new customers who will have the potential to increase revenue and long-term growth. The data for this research was collected through 52 factory owners in this industry. After the data has been collected, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to see how many factors become the barrier of exporting in Garut leather tannery industry. The result of this research is there are three factors that become the barrier to do export in Garut leather tannery industry, namely functional, international and governmental barriers. Meanwhile the result of descriptive analysis shows that Garut leather tannery industry perceive high cost of capital to finance exports, difficulties in organizing promotional activities abroad, and lack of financial resources to conduct market research in overseas markets as the barrier to do export activities. The findings suggest that the government should support both the knowledge and infrastructure regarding export for all the business owners in Garut leather tannery industry, meanwhile the business owners should also be active in searching for business opportunities in international market. For future studies, it was suggested to consider management’s entrepreneurship capabilities as a factor that can hinder exports.

The Internationalization of SMEs: Motives and Barriers

/in /by

This study answers questions about the motives and barriers to the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A literature review was conducted to identify relevant research findings on the motives and barriers to the internationalization of SMEs. The finding of the study is consistent with the Resource-Sector Model of SME Internationalization, that the internationalization motives of SMEs are classified into internal motives, namely increasing profits, availability of resources, creating market power, and business growth. While external motives are limited domestic market, competition, and proximity to customers and suppliers. In addition, the study shows that resource strength and owner-manager competence are the driving factors for the internationalization of SMEs. SMEs entering the international market will face internal barriers: human resources, product quality, and financial resources, and external barriers: business environment, government barriers, and socio-cultural barriers. This study contributes to providing new insights into consideration of opportunities and threats for the internationalization of SMEs.

Proposed Social Marketing Campaign to Increase Blood Donation and Active Users in Reblood Application (Case Study: PT Gaya Hidup Sehat)

/in /by

Every five second, people in Indonesia needs blood. Blood donation is essential in every country to helps patients survive from illnesses and injuries. Indonesia Red Cross (PMI) has released the data of blood donation in 2020, there were 3,5 million blood bags has collected across Indonesia. With current situation, Indonesia still needs to fulfil minimum 5,2 million blood bags (2% of the Indonesian population) per year. Those condition that motivate PT Gaya Hidup Sehat to take a part to solve the problem of shortage blood donors by implementing the healthcare technology with Reblood application. Reblood aimed to provide all of information related with blood donation that currently still limited, not accessible and not integrating each other’s. Since it first launched in 2018 until now, Reblood has acquired 60,748 active users with more than 40,000 blood donations collected and transferred to PMI. However, in 2020 until 2021 the number of active users has decreased significantly almost 70% due to pandemic Covid-19. This research was conducted to increase Reblood’s active users and encourage more people to do blood donation in order to fulfill blood bags capacity.  337 respondents was participating on the survey to analyze the motivation, barriers, and knowledge and behavior to do blood donation. The result of those analysis then formulate using Social Marketing Framework by Philip Kotler and Nancy R.Lee. The findings in this research enriches the strategy of behavioral changes with the use of social marketing approach for increasing blood donation campaign.