Articles

A Study of Export Barrier in Garut Leather Tannery Industry

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The economic development of a country currently cannot be separated from the condition of global economy. Economic relations between country is an influencing factor for the development of both country involved. Therefore, export activity of an industry is very important for the development of a country’s economy. Based on data obtained through the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia, export distribution in the form of footwear is 86%, leather finished goods are 13%, and leather is 1%. According to these data, it can be seen that the contribution of the leather tanning industry which is included in Leather Goods is very small in the total export distribution of leather. Meanwhile, by carrying out export activities, the leather industry will benefitted because it will open access to new customers who will have the potential to increase revenue and long-term growth. The data for this research was collected through 52 factory owners in this industry. After the data has been collected, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to see how many factors become the barrier of exporting in Garut leather tannery industry. The result of this research is there are three factors that become the barrier to do export in Garut leather tannery industry, namely functional, international and governmental barriers. Meanwhile the result of descriptive analysis shows that Garut leather tannery industry perceive high cost of capital to finance exports, difficulties in organizing promotional activities abroad, and lack of financial resources to conduct market research in overseas markets as the barrier to do export activities. The findings suggest that the government should support both the knowledge and infrastructure regarding export for all the business owners in Garut leather tannery industry, meanwhile the business owners should also be active in searching for business opportunities in international market. For future studies, it was suggested to consider management’s entrepreneurship capabilities as a factor that can hinder exports.

The Internationalization of SMEs: Motives and Barriers

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This study answers questions about the motives and barriers to the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A literature review was conducted to identify relevant research findings on the motives and barriers to the internationalization of SMEs. The finding of the study is consistent with the Resource-Sector Model of SME Internationalization, that the internationalization motives of SMEs are classified into internal motives, namely increasing profits, availability of resources, creating market power, and business growth. While external motives are limited domestic market, competition, and proximity to customers and suppliers. In addition, the study shows that resource strength and owner-manager competence are the driving factors for the internationalization of SMEs. SMEs entering the international market will face internal barriers: human resources, product quality, and financial resources, and external barriers: business environment, government barriers, and socio-cultural barriers. This study contributes to providing new insights into consideration of opportunities and threats for the internationalization of SMEs.

Proposed Social Marketing Campaign to Increase Blood Donation and Active Users in Reblood Application (Case Study: PT Gaya Hidup Sehat)

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Every five second, people in Indonesia needs blood. Blood donation is essential in every country to helps patients survive from illnesses and injuries. Indonesia Red Cross (PMI) has released the data of blood donation in 2020, there were 3,5 million blood bags has collected across Indonesia. With current situation, Indonesia still needs to fulfil minimum 5,2 million blood bags (2% of the Indonesian population) per year. Those condition that motivate PT Gaya Hidup Sehat to take a part to solve the problem of shortage blood donors by implementing the healthcare technology with Reblood application. Reblood aimed to provide all of information related with blood donation that currently still limited, not accessible and not integrating each other’s. Since it first launched in 2018 until now, Reblood has acquired 60,748 active users with more than 40,000 blood donations collected and transferred to PMI. However, in 2020 until 2021 the number of active users has decreased significantly almost 70% due to pandemic Covid-19. This research was conducted to increase Reblood’s active users and encourage more people to do blood donation in order to fulfill blood bags capacity.  337 respondents was participating on the survey to analyze the motivation, barriers, and knowledge and behavior to do blood donation. The result of those analysis then formulate using Social Marketing Framework by Philip Kotler and Nancy R.Lee. The findings in this research enriches the strategy of behavioral changes with the use of social marketing approach for increasing blood donation campaign.