Articles

The Effect of Germination Time on the Level of Total Phenol and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Bean Sprouts (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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Red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one type of legume that has high nutritional value and has various benefits, including as a source of minerals, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and antioxidants. Germination process can increase the activity of secondary metabolite compounds in red bean seeds so that it will increase the content of phenol and antioxidant. The total phenol content formed is greatly influenced by germination time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of germination time on the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of red bean sprouts. To achieve this goal, a series of research stages were carried out, namely carrying out the germination process for several germination times followed by extraction of the formed sprouts by maceration technique in ethanol. Vacuum evaporation was run to obtain a thick extract. Furthermore, the extract was analyzed to determine the total phenol content using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 660 nm and the antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH method. The results showed that the sprouts produced in germination times of 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours contained total phenols of (1.09; 1.19; 2.02; 1.57; 5.82 and 4.95)%, respectively and the antioxidant activities were 187.04; 134.89; 94.54; 153.91; 52.79 and 57.91 mg/L, respectively. It was evident that the highest levels of total phenols and antioxidant activities were produced by the red bean sprouts obtained with a germination time of 96 hours.

Therapeutic Promise of Natural Antioxidants in Redox Regulation

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Phytochemical research has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of biomedical and biotechnological research and explored a new era of drug discovery. Focus of these studies is to minimize or overcome the side effects of synthetic drugs.  It aims to find out the equivalent natural molecules that can replace the drugs having harmful side effects on human health.

Advances in the organic and analytical chemistry during last century offered new vision towards the phytochemical research. Investigations of various molecules through different biochemical and biophysical methods can easily reveals the structural and functional properties of the compounds and have opened the new avenues in natural drug discovery. These new techniques are more competent to isolate, characterize and analyze the active principles from these medicinal plants and other natural resources. Thus, the phytochemical research has proved to have a pivotal role in drug discovery.

Phytomedicinal Potential of “Dimocarpus Longan Lour.” as an Essential Nutraceutical

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For many centuries Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) a native plant of Northeastern India, and Southeast Asia has been used for its nutraceutical properties. The phytochemicals constituents include carbohydrates, proteins, polysaccharides, vitamin C, polyphenols, that exhibit innumerable biological properties. It is essential to review the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and phytomedicinal potential with the aim to provide a comprehensive information for future development of longan as an essential nutraceutical. Longan is in great demand as various food products viz dried pulp, frozen, fresh, and processed as jam, drinks, wine and canned fruit. The key biological activities of longan pericarp are tyrosinase inhibitory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-glycated, anti-cancer, memory-increasing impact, and other parameters that have a significant contribution to human health.

Thiamethoxam Induced Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Alterations in Male Patients

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Thiamethoxam is one of the second-generation neonicotinoids, a new class of insecticides. The study was designed to investigate the effect of thiamethoxam on fertility in bucks. For this purpose, sixteen male adult male chinchilla rabbits were divided in two groups. Thiamethoxam intoxicated group was treated with thiamethoxam at dose of 250 mg/Kg body weight for 3 months. Semen analysis revealed distinct changes in sperm characteristics including significant decrease in sperm motility (both mass and individual) and sperm count. In addition, significant increase in dead spermatozoa and sperm deformities. Moreover, elevation in testicular concentration of MDA and GST was significant. GSH was significantly decreased. Degeneration and necrosis of spermatogenic cells with intertubular edema and vacuolations in seminiferous tubules were the major observed histopathological changes in the testis of intoxicated animals. In conclusion, thiamethoxam administration for 3 months induced significant decrease in fertility and oxidative stress in the reproductive system of adult male.

Grapes (Vitis Vitaceae) – Potent Medicinal Fruit Serves as a Source of Antioxidants and Antibacterial Agent

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In plant kingdom, medicinal plants are main important resource for a variety of drug like emetics, anti-cancer and antimicrobials. Medicinal herbs are highly cultured in India, which includes more than 2000 species are present. Grapes are soft fruit crop belongs to the Family of Vitaceae and Genus of Vitis. Grapes contain excellent source of nutritional values such as vitamins, minerals, proteins and carbohydrate. In this present work, various phytochemical constituents of grapes were identified in different extracts (Ethanol, Acetone and Aqueous). These phytochemicals are used for the treatment of several diseases. The antioxidant property of different extracts of grapes shows better result. The ellagic acid and the natural phenolic antioxidants were also identified. The antimicrobial activity of various grapes extract shows better result against Enterococcus and E.coli sps. Finally, the grape fruit is a wonderful antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.