Articles

А Model for School Subject “AI Proficiency” for Advanced students in Secondary TVET School: Conceptual Framework and Content with Practical Exеmplary Curriculum

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The article proposes a subject model for special preparation for professional education and training for classes in the professional field Computer Science and Technology, as a continuation of the subject „Introduction to AI: General education“ for TVET secondary schools in Bulgaria, proposed by the author in a previous published article. The model is balanced, with an emphasis on active learning with a synergistic and holistic creative approach, where over 80% of the time the student is involved in an active (individual or collective) activity: researching materials, drawing up models, discussions and debates, SWOT analyses, as well as project-based tasks of greater or lesser volume, problem cases. The topics are considered not only in their strict technical context, but also holistically-synergistically: ethics in the matter of AI, strategies for regulations, future perspectives and benefits, personal interests. The curriculum aims to provide vocational high school students with a comprehensive understanding of AI, covering fundamental concepts, practical applications, advanced technologies, ethical considerations and future trends in the field, through a combination of theoretical learning, practical projects, creative activity and discussions, develop critical thinking skills and will prepare for further study or careers in AI-related fields.

Design and Development of Overcurrent Protection Relay Inverse Definite Minimum Time Type Based on Arduino Uno

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An overcurrent protection relay is an essential component in electrical system to protect devices from damage due to excessive current. The Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) type has a trip time that depends on the magnitude of the overcurrent, with faster trip times for higher overcurrent levels. Arduino Uno can be used as a microcontroller platform to build an IDMT with relatively low cost and ease of implementation. This research aims to design and construct an Arduino Uno-based IDMT. The system consists of a current sensor, Arduino Uno, and a relay. The current sensor is used to detect the current flowing through the load. The Arduino Uno processes the data from the current sensor and determines if the current exceeds a predefined limit. If the current exceeds the limit, the Arduino Uno will activate the relay to cut off the current flow to the load. The IDMT trip time is implemented using an algorithm that considers the magnitude of the overcurrent and the minimum trip time. The system is tested using a simulator and actual load. Test results show that the Arduino Uno-based IDMT system works well and can protect the load from damage due to overcurrent.