Articles

Business Risk Management Strategy in Adaptation of Beef Caft Businesses to the Impact of Climate Change in Sumenep District

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This study aims to determine the mitigation strategies of farmers in Sumenep district in their strategic management when facing climate change. Climate change greatly affects livestock activities in Sumenep district in various factors, extreme weather changes can harm beef cattle farming in terms of selling value. Increased temperature causes stress in cattle. Drought can reduce forage and water availability. Dry conditions inhibit the growth of grass and other feed plants, forcing farmers to look for alternative feeds such as hay or commercial animal feed. Extreme climate change that occurs gradually over three months, twice the normal time and the following three months, facing extreme climate change that has an impact on the health of livestock in Sumenep District and the selling price of cattle that does not match the expectations of farmers. Research was conducted to outline strategies in business adaptation using the SWOT method to determine priority options from the general micro and macro impacts, the following knowledge aims to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The right strategy in handling beef cattle business adaptation will minimize losses of farmers due to climate change and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector.

Adaptation Factor Analysis Instrument of Interpersonal Support Evaluation List in Indonesian Version: Confirmatory Approach

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Social support is an interpersonal transaction that involves one or more things such as emotional attention, instrumental assistance, information, and appraisal. Social support comes from the perception that there are people who will help if a situation or event that is considered to cause a problem occurs, and this help is believed to increase positive feelings and self-esteem. Social support has 4 functions; tangible support, appraisal support, self-esteem support, and belonging support (Cohen & Hoberman, 1983). The interpersonal support evaluation list (ISEL) is a social support measurement instrument widely used in various countries. Using instruments in different cultural backgrounds requires adaptation processes to be valid and reliable with the respondents being tested. However, until now there has been no research on the adaptation of ISEL measuring instruments in Indonesia. This research aims to obtain a standardized Indonesian version of the ISEL measuring instrument. The adaptation process was calculated using the International Test Commission reference (Commission, 2017). Based on the results of the CFA analysis with the JASP 0.18.3.0 program, it can be concluded that according to theory, the Indonesian version of the ISEL instrument has proven valid and reliable in measuring social support in the Indonesian adolescent population.

Strategies for Adapting to the Increased Labor and Fuel Costs for Commercial Fishing Boat Operators: Case Study in Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand

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The objective of this study is twofold: 1) to examine the cost and return structure of commercial fishing boat operators in Tha Sala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, and 2) to study the adjustment strategies and assistance measures for the group of commercial fishing boat operators in Tha Sala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province. The sources of data used in this research are 1) commercial fishing boat operators in Tha Sala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, and 2) government agencies related to commercial fishing boats. The study will use a snowball sampling technique, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with a set of predetermined questions. The results of the study show that the cost and return structure comprises five constant costs: labor costs, foreign document costs, boat registration costs, boat permit costs, and straight-line depreciation costs. Since 2020, the average cost per year has been 442,425 baht. In 2021, the average cost is still 442,425 baht, while in 2022, it increases to 445,425 baht due to fluctuations in cost factors, which include fuel prices, rice prices for fishermen, ice costs, and maintenance expenses. The return on investment for the past three years has been continuously decreasing, with an average of 7,200,000 baht in 2020, 6,200,000 baht in 2021, and 2,700,000 baht in 2022. The fishing boat operators have made adjustments in three areas to combat rising fuel costs: reducing work days, adjusting product processing, and relying on technology and innovation. However, the government and other public entities have no direct role in assisting commercial fishing boat operators dealing with rising labor costs and fuel prices. The only indirect assistance comes through a loan project that uses the fishing boats as collateral, and this has been available only once during the three-year period from 2020 to 2022 when labor and fuel costs were at their highest.