Abstract :

Chronic venous diseases (CVD), including varicose veins, are among the most common diseases in developed countries in Europe and the United States and affect one third to one half of the population, especially women. Among many achievements in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of achievements, it should be noted the identification of the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as important mediators of the degenerative process associated with the onset and progression of venous insufficiency. The study included 98 patients aged 20 to 78 years with chronic venous insufficiency, including, in accordance with the CEAP classification, 45 patients with moderate CVI (class C3–C4) and 53 patients with severe CVI (class C5–C6). The results obtained in the course of the study reliably indicate the presence of an association between the carriage of the Arg allele and the Gln/Arg and Arg/Arg genotypes of the Gln279Arg polymorphism in the MMP9 gene with the risk of developing complicated forms of CVI.

---

Keywords :

chronic venous insufficiency, matrix metalloproteinases, MMP 9 polymorphism.

---

References :

1. Amato B, Coretti G., Compagna R., Amato M. et all. // Role of matrix metalloproteinases in non–healing venous ulcers. Int Wound J. 2015, № 12. – 641–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12181.
2. Arechavaleta–Velasco F., Cuevas–Antonio R. et all. // Matrix metalloproteinase–8 promoter gene polymorphisms in Mexican women with ovarian cancer. Med Oncology. 2014. Vol. 31. – p. 132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032–014–0132–
3. Casana R., Tolva V.S., Odero A. JR, Malloggi C., Parati G. // Three–year follow–up and quality of life of endovenous radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein with the ClosureFast™ procedure: Influence of BMI and CEAP class. Vascular. №26. 2018. – p. 498– https://doi.org/10.1177/1708538118762066.
4. Champely S // Basic Functions for Power Analysis. R package version 1.3, 2020. http s://cran.r–org/package=pwr.
5. Chen Y., Peng W., Raffetto J.D., Khalil R.A. // Matrix metalloproteinases in remodeling of lower extremity veins and chronic venous disease. – Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. Vol.147, 2017. – p. 267–

https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.02.003.

6. Ellinghaus E., Ellinghaus D., Krusche P et all. // Genome–wide association analysis for chronic venous disease identifies EFEMP1 and KCNH8 as susceptibility loci. Sci Rep. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45652.
7. Feng J., Chen Y., Hua W et all. // The MMP–8 rs11225395 promoter polymorphism increases cancer risk of non–asian populations: evidence from a meta-analysis. –Biomolecules, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100570.
8. Fukaya E., Flores A.M., Lindholm D. et all. // Clinical and genetic determinants of varicose veins. Circulation, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.118.035584.
9. Görmüs U., Timirci–Kahraman O. et all. // Expression levels of elastin and related genes in human varicose veins. – Folia Biol (Praha). Vol. 60, – p. 68–73.
10. Salmhofer // Ätiologie, nomenklatur und pathophysiologie der chronisch venösen Insuffizienz. (Article in German). Wien Med Wochenschr. Vol. 166 2016. – p. 264– https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354–016–0466–x.
11. Saracini C. et all. // Polymorphisms of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. Vol. 55, 2012. – p. 171– https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.07.051.
12. Slonková V. et all. // Genetic predisposition for chronic venous insufficiency in several genes for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP–2, MMP–9, MMP–12) and their inhibitor TIMP– J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, Vol. 31, 2017. – p. 1746–1752. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14447.
13. Serralheiro P. et all. // Variability of MMP/TIMP and TGF–β1 receptors throughout the clinical progression of chronic venous disease. Int J Mol Sci, Vol. 19, 2017. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010006.
14. Siribumrungwong B., Noorit P., Wilasrusmee C. et all. // Quality of life after great saphenous vein ablation in Thai patients with great saphenous vein reflux. Asian J Surg, Vol. 40. 2017. – p. 295– https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2015.10.004.
15. Sutzko D.C., Obi A.T., Kimball A.S. et all. // Clinical outcomes after varicose vein procedures in octogenarians within the Vascular Quality Initiative Varicose Vein Registry. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2018. – p. 464– https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.jvsv.2018.02.008.
16. Štvrtinová V., Čelovská D. // Dokáže edukácia obyvateľstva znížiť výskyt kŕčových žíl a ich komplikácií na Slovensku? (Article in Slovak). Vask Med. N 9, 2017. – p. 18–
17. Wang X.Z., Du X.M., Jing Q.M. et all. // Impact of matrix metalloproteinase–8 gene variations on the risk of thoracic aortic dissection in a Chinese Han population. Mol Biol Rep, Vol 40, 2013. – p. 5953– https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033–013–2704–2.
18. Yun M.J., Kim Y.K., Kang D.M. et all // A study on prevalence and risk factors for varicose veins in nurses at a university hospital. Saf Health Work. 2018. – p. 79– https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.08.005.
19. Zhao M.Y., Zhao T., Meng Q– et all. // Estrogen and estrogen receptor affects MMP2 and MMP9 expression through classical ER pathway and promotes migration of lower venous vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Vol. 24. 2020. – p. 1460–1467. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202002_20205.