Abstract :

PFAS are commonly found pollutants in soil and water bodies. Of all the PFAS that are found, PFOA and PFOS are the most hazardous ones. The review focuses upon Adsorption, Sonochemical Degradation, Photocatalysts, and Bio-remediation as techniques for the removal and degradation of PFA.

---

Keywords :

Adsorption, Bio-remediation, Photocatalyst, Sonochemical Degradation.

---

References :

1. Fujii, S., Polprasert, C., Tanaka, S., Lien, NPH., Qiu, Y., (2007) New POPs in the water environment: Distribution, bioaccumulation and treatment of perfluorinated compounds – A review paper, Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology – AQUA. 56, 313-326.
2. Glüge, J., Scheringer, M., Cousins, I.T., et al.(2010) An overview of the uses of per- And polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, 22, 2345-2373.
3. Möller, A., Ahrens, L., Surm, R., et al. (2010) Distribution and sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the River Rhine watershed. Environmental Pollution. 158, 3243-3250.
4. Chen, X., Xia, X., Wang, X., Qiao, J., Chen, H., (2011) A comparative study on sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by chars, ash and carbon nanotubes. Chemosphere, 83, 1313-1319.
5. Kucharzyk, K.H., Darlington, R., Benotti, M., Deeb, R., Hawley, E., (2017) Novel treatment technologies for PFAS compounds, A critical review. Journal of Environmental Management, 204, 757-764.
6. Saeidi, N., Kopinke. F.D.,Georgi, A., (2019) Understanding the effect of carbon surface chemistry on adsorption of perfluorinated alkyl substances. Chemical Engineering Journal, 381, 1226-1289.
7. Cousins, I.T., Dewitt, J.C., Glüge, J., et al. (2020) Strategies for grouping per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to protect human and environmental health. Environmental Science:Processes and Impacts, 22, 1444-1460.
8. Prevedouros, K., Cousins, I.T., Buck, R.C., Korzeniowski, S.H., (2006) Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates. Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 32-44.
9. Rahman, M.F., Peldszus, S., Anderson, W.B., (2013) Behaviour and fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: A review. Water Research, 50, 318-340.

 

10. Gellrich, V., Stahl, T., Knepper, T.P., (2012) Behavior of perfluorinated compounds in soils during leaching experiments. Chemosphere, 87, 1052-1056.
11. Pan, G., Jia, C., Zhao, D., You, C., Chen, H., Jiang, G., (2008) Effect of cationic and anionic surfactants on the sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on natural sediments. Environmental Pollution, 157, 325-330.
12. Pelch, K.E., Reade, A., Wolffe, T.A.M., Kwiatkowski, C.F., (2019) PFAS health effects database: Protocol for a systematic evidence map. Environment International, 130, 1-8.
13. Xiao, F., Simcik, M.F., Gulliver, J.S., (2013) Mechanisms for removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) from drinking water by conventional and enhanced coagulation. Water Research, 47, 49-56.
14. Raza, A., Bardhan, S., Xu, L., et al. (2019) A Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Defluorination of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) for Their Efficient Treatment and Removal. Environmental Science and Technology Letters.
15. Zhang, D.Q., Zhang, W.L., Liang, Y.N., (2020) Adsorption of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from aqueous solution – A review. Science of the Total Environment. 1, 694.
16. James, Wood R., Sidnell, T., Ross, I., McDonough, J., Lee, J., Bussemaker, M.J., (2020) Ultrasonic degradation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) correlated with sonochemical and sonoluminescence characterisation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 68, 1-5
17. Wu, Y., Li, Y., Fang, C., Li, C., (2019) Highly Efficient Degradation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid over a MnOx -Modified Oxygen-Vacancy-Rich In2O3 Photocatalyst. ChemCatChem, 11, 2297-2303.
18. O’Carroll, D.M., Jeffries, T.C., Lee, M.J., et al. (2019) Developing a roadmap to determine per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances-microbial population interactions. Science of the Total Environment, 1, 712.
19. Liu, C.J., Werner, D., Bellona, C., (2019) Removal of per- And polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from contaminated groundwater using granular activated carbon: A pilot-scale study with breakthrough modeling. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 5, 1844-1853.
20. Corwin, C.J., Summers, R.S., (2012) Controlling trace organic contaminants with GAC adsorption. Journal – American Water Works Association, 104, 43-44.
21. Franke, V., McCleaf, P., Lindegren, K., Ahrens, L., (2019) Efficient removal of per- And polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: Nanofiltration combined with active carbon or anion exchange. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology. 5, 1836-1843
22. Tang, C.Y., Fu, Q.S., Criddle, C.S., Leckie, J.O., (2008) Effect of flux (transmembrane pressure) and membrane properties on fouling and rejection of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes treating perfluorooctane sulfonate containing wastewater. Environmental Science and Technology, 41, 2008-2014
23. Meng, P., Jiang, X., Wang, B., et al. (2020) Role of the air-water interface in removing perfluoroalkyl acids from drinking water by activated carbon treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials.
24. Hassan, M., Liu, Y., Naidu, R., Du, J., Qi, F., (2020) Adsorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) onto metal oxides modified biochar. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 19, 1-6.
25. Zhang, Q., Deng, S., Yu, G., Huang, J., (2011) Removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate from aqueous solution by crosslinked chitosan beads: Sorption kinetics and uptake mechanism.Bioresource Technology. 102, 2265-2271.
26. Chowdhury, P., Viraraghavan, T., (2009) Sonochemical degradation of chlorinated organic compounds, phenolic compounds and organic dyes – A review. Science of the Total Environment, 407, 2474-2492.
27. Pilli, S., Bhunia, P., Yan, S., LeBlanc, R.J., Tyagi, R.D., Surampalli, R.Y., (2011) Ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge: A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 18, 1-18.
28. Campbell, T., Hoffmann, M.R., (2015) Sonochemical degradation of perfluorinated surfactants: Power and multiple frequency effects. Separation and Purification Technology, 156, 1019-1027.
29. Cao, H., Zhang, W., Wang, C., Liang, Y., (2020) Sonochemical degradation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances – A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 69, 1-6
30. Gole, V.L., Sierra-Alvarez, R., Peng, H., Giesy, J.P., Deymier, P., Keswani, M., (2018) Sono-chemical treatment of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl compounds in aqueous film-forming foams by use of a large-scale multi-transducer dual-frequency based acoustic reactor. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 45, 213-222.
31. Lei, Y.J., Tian, Y., Sobhani, Z., Naidu. R., Fang, C., (2020) Synergistic degradation of PFAS in water and soil by dual-frequency ultrasonic activated persulfate. Chemical Engineering Journal, 388, 1-6.
32. Lin, J.C., Hu. C.Y., Lo, S.L., (2016) Effect of surfactants on the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by ultrasonic (US) treatment. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 28, 130-135.
33. Gomez-Ruiz, B., Ribao, P., Diban, N., Rivero, M.J., Ortiz, I., Urtiaga, A., (2018) Photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using a composite TiO2 −rGO catalyst. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 344, 950-957.
34. Li, F., Wei, Z., He, K., et al. (2020) A concentrate-and-destroy technique for degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid in water using a new adsorptive photocatalyst. Water Research, 185, 1-6.
35. Xu, T., Zhu, Y., Duan, J., et al. (2020) Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid using carbon-modified bismuth phosphate composite: Effectiveness, material synergy and roles of carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 395, 1-6.
36. Liu, F., Hua, L., Zhang, W., (2020) Influences of microwave irradiation on performances of membrane filtration and catalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Environment International, 143, 1-7.
37. Zhang, W., Pang, S., Lin, Z., Mishra, S., Bhatt, P., Chen, S., (2021) Biotransformation of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors from various environmental systems: advances and perspectives. Environmental Pollution, 272, 115908.
38. Chetverikov, S.P., Sharipov, D.A., Korshunova, T.Y., Loginov, O.N., (2017) Degradation of perfluorooctanyl sulfonate by strain Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2.4-D. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 53, 533-538.
39. Kim, M.H., Mcdonald, T.J., Safe, S.H., (2012) Factors Affecting Biodefluorination Of Fluorotelomer Alcohols (Ftohs): Degradative Microorganisms, Transformation Metabolites And Pathways, And Effects Of Co-Substrates A Dissertation.; 2012.
40. Huang, S., Jaffé, P.R., (2019) Defluorination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) by Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6. Environmental Science and Technology, doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b04047