Abstract :
Risk and opportunity always come like two sides of a coin. The greater the risk, the higher the possibility of return obtained, or even the possibility of failure if it is not anticipated from the start. So the risk must be managed so as to minimize the impact that will be experienced. This research aims to explore the implementation of risk management in start-up company cost efficiency. Start from the business processes identification, risk and opportunity identification, risk analysis, and risk treatment. The risk and opportunity for improvement will be converted into financial conversion or calculated by the financial impact (on value). And finally, the cost comparison of existing costs with the implementation of risk control and implementation of improvement opportunities will be carried out. Using the process approach ISO 9001, risk approach ISO 31000, and FMEA, the company is ideal to implement risk management to make it cost-efficient. Based on the calculation done from the core process (the sales process, the IT process, the technical process, the warehouse and logistic process, and the customer service process) analysis, is shown that all over the risk decrease is about 65.54% (from inherent risk to residual risk) and the cost efficiency is about 315%.
Keywords :
Cost Efficiency, Process Approach, Risk Management, Start-Up Company.References :
- Ding, W. and Marchionini, G. 1997 A Study on Video Browsing Strategies. Technical Report. University of Maryland at College Park.
- Tavel, P. 2007 Modeling and Simulation Design. AK Peters Ltd.
- Sannella, M. J. 1994 Constraint Satisfaction and Debugging for Interactive User Interfaces. Doctoral Thesis. UMI Order Number: UMI Order No. GAX95-09398., University of Washington.
- Brown, L. D., Hua, H., and Gao, C. 2003. A widget framework for augmented interaction in SCAPE. T. Yu, M.F. Lau, “A comparison of MC/DC, MUMCUT and several other coverage criteria for logical decisions”, Journal of Systems and Software, 2005, in press.
- Spector, A. Z. 1989. Achieving application requirements. In Distributed Systems, S. Mullende
- Forman, G. 2003. An extensive empirical study of feature selection metrics for text classification. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3 (Mar. 2003), 1289-1305.
- Fröhlich, B. and Plate, J. 2000. The cubic mouse: a new device for three-dimensional input. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
- Bowman, M., Debray, S. K., and Peterson, L. L. 1993. Reasoning about naming systems.
- Aabo, T., Fraser, J. R. S., & Simkins, B. J. (2011). The Rise and Evolution of the Chief Risk Officer: Enterprise Risk
Management at Hydro One. Enterprise Risk Management, 9(3), 531–556. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118267080.ch28
- Adeleke, A. Q., Bahaudin, A. Y., Kamaruddeen, A. M., Bamgbade, J. A., Khan, M. W. A., Panda, S., & Afolabi, Y. A. (2019). An empirical analysis of organizational external factors on construction risk management. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(1), 933–940.
- Adnan, H., & Morledge, R. (2003). Joint Venture Projects in Malaysian Construction Industry Factors Critical to Success. 19th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2(September), 765–774.
- Alkubaisi, D. A. A. jabba. (2017). The Importance of (COSO-ERM) Model Implementation in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Internal Control Systems in the Jordanian Commercial Banks (Field Study). Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS), 6(1), 156–177. https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2017.6.1.156.177
- Aven, T., & Renn, O. (2010). Introduction: Concept of Risk. In Risk Management and Governance.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13926-0_1
- Baldridge, Rebecca & Benjamin Curry (2022). What Is A Startup?. Available from
https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/what-is-a-startup/ [Accessed on 16 March 2022]
- Bakar, B. A., Rasid, S. Z. A., Rizal, A. M., & Baskaran, S. (2019). Risk management practices to strengthen public sector accountability. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 12(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol12no1.1
- Barafort, B., Mesquida, A. L., & Mas, A. (2017). Integrating risk management in IT settings from ISO standards and management systems perspectives. Computer Standards and Interfaces, 54(September 2016), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2016.11.010
- Baršauskas, P., Šarapovas, T., & Cvilikas, A. (2008). The evaluation of e-commerce impact on business efficiency. Baltic Journal of Management, 3(1), 71–91. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465260810844275
- Bruton, G. D., & Rubanik, Y. (2002). Resources of the firm, Russian high-technology startups, and firm growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(6), 553–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00079-9
- Bruyat, C., & Julien, P. A. (2001). Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00043-9
- Buganová, K., & Šimíčková, J. (2019). Risk management in traditional and agile project management. Transportation Research Procedia, 40(February), 986–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.138
- Chapman, R. J. (2012). Simple Tools and Techniques for Enterprise Risk Management. In Simple Tools and Techniques for Enterprise Risk Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118467206
- Creswell, John W., Michael D. Fetters & Nataliya V. Ivankova. (2004). Designing a Mixed Methods Study in Primary Care. Annals of Family Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.104
- DeTienne, D. R. (2010). Entrepreneurial exit as a critical component of the entrepreneurial process: Theoretical development. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(2), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.05.004
- Fayolle, A. (2007). Entrepreneurship and New Value Creation: The Dynamic of the Entrepreneurial Process. Cambridge University Press.
- Forbes, D. P. (1999). Cognitive approaches to new venture creation. International Journal of Management Reviews, 1(4), 415–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00021
- Fowler, J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th edition). In Sage Publications, Inc.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3250956?origin=crossref
- Hassan, N. A. H. M., Noor, M. N. M., & Hussin, N. (2017). Knowledge Transfer Practice in Organization. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(8), 750–760. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v7-i8/3291
- Hollá, K., Moricová, V. 2019. Specifics of Monitoring and Analysing Emergencies in Information Systems, 13th international scientific conference on sustainable, modern and safe transport – Transcom 2019, vol. 40, pp. 1343-1348. Doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2019. 07.186
- International Organization for Standardization (2015). International Standard ISO 9001 Quality Management System.
- International Organization for Standardization (2018). International Standard ISO 31000 Risk Management – Guidelines.
- Kardos, P., Lahuta, P., & Hudakova, M. (2021). Risk Assessment Using the FMEA method in the Organization of Running Events. Transportation Research Procedia, 55, 1538–1546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.07.1437
- Karra, N., Phillips, N., & Tracey, P. (2008). Building the Born Global Firm. Developing Entrepreneurial Capabilities for International New Venture Success. Long Range Planning, 41(4), 440–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2008.05.002
- Khairy Jaber, F. (2018). ESTABLISHING RISK MANAGEMENT FACTORS FOR CONSTRUCTION © I A E M E ESTABLISHING RISK MANAGEMENT FACTORS FOR. March.
- (2016). Telecommunication policy : Communication act update. July.
- Khajeheian, D. (2014). A PERSPECTIVE ON MEDIA ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY : GLOBALIZATION OF A PERSPECTIVE ON MEDIA ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY : GLOBALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR. December.
- Larson, A., & Starr, J. A. (1993). A Network Model of Organization Formation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(2), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879301700201
- Lee, M. H., Lee, M., & Kim, J. (2017). A dynamic approach to the start-up business ecosystem: A cross-comparison of
Korea, China, and Japan. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 22(2), 157–184.
https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2017.22.2.6
- Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K., Guest, G. and Namey, E. (2005) Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide. Family Health International (FHI), USA.
- Manigart, S., & Struyf, C. (1997). Financing High Technology Startups In Belgium: An Explorative Study. Small Business Economics, 9(9), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1023/A
- Mikes, A., & Kaplan, R. S. (2014). Towards a contingency theory of enterprise risk management. Harvard Business School Working Paper, 13–063, 1–47.
- Moshood, T. D., Adeleke, A. Q., Nawanir, G., & Mahmud, F. (2020). Ranking of human factors affecting contractors’ risk attitudes in the Malaysian construction industry. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), 100064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100064
- Olson, D. L., & Desheng Wu. (2008). New Frontiers in Enterprise Risk Management. In Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
- Omer, M. S., & Adeleke, A. Q. (2020). Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies ( JHSSS ) ISSN : 2663-7197 Systematic Critical Review of Risk Management in Malaysian Construction Companies. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, 1(5), 60–70.
- Osvaldova, L. M., & Petho, M. (2015). Occupational Safety and Health During Rescue Activities. Procedia Manufacturing, 3(June), 4287–4293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.418
- Pane, E. S., & Sarno, R. (2015). Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) for Optimizing Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD). Procedia Computer Science, 72(Cmmi), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.103
- PBEC (2021) ISO 9001:2015 Whitepaper. Available on https://pecb.com/whitepaper/iso-90012015-whitepaper [Accessed on 16 March 2022]
- Purdy, G. (2010). ISO 31000:2009 – Setting a new standard for risk management: Perspective. Risk Analysis, 30(6), 881– 886. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01442.x
- Quon, T. K., Zeghal, D., & Maingot, M. (2012). Enterprise Risk Management and Firm Performance. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62(August 2014), 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.042
- Ramachandran, K., & Ray, S. (2006). Networking and New Venture Resource Strategies. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 15(2), 145–168. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135570601500203
- Salamzadeh, A., & Kawamorita Kesim, H. (2017). The enterprising communities and startup ecosystem in Iran. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 11(4), 456–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-07-2015-0036
- Salamzadeh, A., & Kesim, H. K. (2015). Startup companies: Life cycle and challenges. 4th International Conference on Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship (EEE), 23(6), 732–737. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V23I6/PR190836
- Salamzadeh, A., & Kirby, D. A. (2017). New Venture Creation: How Start-Ups Grow? AD-Minister, 30, 9–29.
https://doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.30.18
- Scholtz, B., Calitz, A., & Haupt, R. (2018). A business intelligence framework for sustainability information management in higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 19(2), 266–290. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-06-2016-0118
- Siang, L. C., & Ali, A. S. (2012). Implementation of Risk Management in the Malaysian Construction Industry. Journal of Surveying, Construction & Property, 3(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.22452/jscp.vol3no1.2
- Smith, R., Pedace, R., & Sathe, V. (2011). The Relative Importance of IPO and M & A Exits for Venture Capital Fund Financial Performance. Financial Management, 1029–1065.
- Vesper, Karl H., New Venture Strategies (1990). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1496217
- Zahra, S., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research : Encouraging Dialogue and Debate Author ( s ): Shaker Zahra and Gregory G . Dess Source : The Academy of Management Review , Vol. 26 , No. 1 ( Jan ., 2001 ), pp . 810 Published by : Academy of Management Stable. The Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 8–10.
- Wilhelm, Alex (2014). What The Hell Is A Startup Anyway?. Available from https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/30/what-thehell-is-a-startup-anyway/ [Accessed on 16 March 2022]