Abstract :

Water supply schemes should be technically and socially sustainable for smooth running, smooth operation and maintenances. Failure in either one of these leads to the whole system failure. Once the system is technically feasible, we can manage its social aspects. In this paper, we deal with technical sustainability of corrosive water, its impacts and the remedial measures. Corrosive water can severely damage intakes, metal pipes, cemented chambers, concrete reservoir and household plumbing systems. Hence, it is necessary to identify the corrosiveness of the water and should be neutralized. There are several solutions to this problem, however, they are not sustainable and economical for semi urban and rural communities. In this paper, we propose a sustainable, natural and economical solution to determine the corrosiveness of water and to effective technology to neutralize it. The proposed solution uses naturally available resources, hence makes it sustainable and affordable. Once the proposed method is deployed, it doesn’t require additional resources such as continuous monitoring, skilled manpower and electrical power cost etc. In this method, initially, the corrosiveness of the water is identified using parameters such as: total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, temperature, calcium and alkalinity. The corrosive water is then analyzed in laboratory. With carbon dioxide kinetic study, we verify the design of stabilization tank volume calculation. The research outcome is applied in the field to upgrade intake, pipe and fitting designs. The experiment in this research is conducted with the data obtained from several water supply schemes including Padampokhari water supply scheme in Nepal and tested in the same water supply scheme.

---

Keywords :

Aggressive water, corrosion control natural technology, corrosion of cementing structures and metal pipes, sustainability of water supply schemes, water stabilization

---

References :

1. N. Tavanpour, M. Noshadi and N. Tavanpour, “Scale Formation and Corrosion of Drinking Water Pipes: A Case Study of Drinking Water Distribution System of Shiraz City”, Modern Applied Science, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 166, 2016. Available: 10.5539/mas.v10n3p166.
2. “Problems,” Drinking Water Disinfection Techniques, pp. 227–238, 2012.
3. L. McFarland, T. Provin, and D. Boellstorff, “Drinking Water Problems: Corrosion”, 2015
4. J. Addy, K., Green, L. and Herron, E, “pH and alkalinity” URI Watershed Watch, 2004.
5. Acidification of groundwater and its implication on rural water supply in the Ankobra Basin, Ghana, West Afr. J. Appl. Ecol, 2003
6. A. Fathi, T. Mohamed, G. Claude, G. Maurin, and B. A. Mohamed, “Effect of a magnetic water treatment on homogeneous and heterogeneous precipitation of calcium carbonate,” Water Research, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 1941–1950, 2006.
7. “Langelier Index,” Drinking Water Chemistry, pp. 115–120, 2018.
8. B. V. Lenntech, Langelier Saturation Index Calculator.
https://www.lenntech.com/calculators/langelier/index/langelier.html, 2019
9. D. Dohare, S. Deshpande and A. Kotiya, Analysis of Ground Water Quality Parameters: A Review. Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 3(5), pp. 26-31, 2014.
10. H. Liu, D. Xu, A.Q. Dao, G. Zhang, Y. Lv, H. Liu, “Study of corrosion behavior and mechanism of carbon steel in the presence of Chlorella vulgaris” Corros. Sci, 101, pp. 84-93, 2015
11. S. D. Rokitta, “Characterization of the life-cycle stages of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and their responses to ocean acidification”, Ph.D. thesis, University of Bremen, Bremen, 2012.
12. Lenonro S. Clesceri, Arnold E. Greenberg & Andrew D. Eaton “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” 20th Edition, Standard Test Procedure-4500-CO2 Nomograph.
13. H. Liu, C. Fu, T. Gu, G. Zhang, Y. Lv, H. Wang, H. Liu “Corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria and iron oxidizing bacteria cultured in oilfield produced water” Corrosion Science, Vol 100, 2015, pp. 484-495.