Abstract :
This study was conducted from May–September 2025 / the 2025 growing season at the Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield, and yield components of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) variety 08 Zudrus. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments with three replications. Treatments included a control, NPK fertilizer, XiR Biomass containing 10% humic acid, and XiR Biomass containing 20% humic acid. Data on growth, yield components, and yield parameters were analyzed using STAR software (version 2.0.1) through analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% significance level. Fertilizer treatments significantly influenced several growth and yield traits. XiR Biomass containing 20% humic acid produced the tallest plants (35.10 cm), the highest number of pods per plant (10.53), and the greatest biological yield (7851.63 kg ha⁻¹), whereas XiR Biomass containing 10% humic acid produced the highest grain yield (2202.38 kg ha⁻¹) and number of grains per pod (11.00). In contrast, tiller number, branch number, pod length, pod width, and 100-seed weight were not significantly affected. Overall, XiR Biomass organic fertilizers showed greater potential than NPK fertilizer for improving mung bean growth and productivity under the agro-ecological conditions of Kabul.
Keywords :
growth, mung bean, NPK fertilizer, Organic Fertilizer, YieldReferences :
- Amanullah, M. M., Somasundaram, E., Vaiyapuri, K., & Sathyamoorthi, K. (2007). Poultry manure to crops—A review.
- Asghar Malik, M., Farrukh Saleem, M., Ali, A., & Mahmood, I. (2003). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on growth, yield and quality of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Pak. J. Agri. Sci, 40.
- Bam, R., Mishra, S. R., Khanal, S., Ghimire, P., & Bhattarai, S. (2022). Effect of biofertilizers and nutrient sources on the performance of mung bean at Rupandehi, Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 10, 100404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100404
- Chan, K. Y., & Xu, Z. (2012). Biochar for environmental management.
- Chauhan, Y. S., & Williams, R. (2018). Physiological and agronomic strategies to increase mung bean yield in climatically variable environments of Northern Australia. Agronomy, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8060083
- Choudhary, A. K., Rana, D. S., Bana, R. S., Pooniya, V., Dass, A., Kaur, R., & Rana, K. S. (2015). Agronomy of oilseed and pulse crops. PG School, IARI.
- Degefa, G., Ahmad, A., & Belete, K. (2021). Effect of row spacing and phosphorus fertilizer rates on yield and yield-related traits of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) at Fedis, Eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Sciences, 9(2), 65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210902.15
- Diatta, A. A., Bassène, C., Manga, A. G. B., Abaye, O., Thomason, W., Battaglia, M., Babur, E., Uslu, Ö., Min, D., Seleiman, M., Filho, J. F. D. C. L., & Mbow, C. (2023). Integrated use of organic amendments increased mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) yield and its components compared to inorganic fertilizers. Urban Agriculture and Regional Food Systems, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/uar2.20048
- Hosen, M. R. (2021). Effect of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of mung bean (BARI Mung 6). http://archive.saulibrary.edu.bd:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4947
- Ikram Ullah, Tariq, M., & Sharif, M. (2023). Comparative effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on improving soil fertility and productivity of different legumes under alkaline calcareous soil. Gesunde Pflanzen, 75(2), 361–376. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10343-022-00707-1
- Khaleeq, K., Amini, A. M., Behzad, M. A., Hemmat, N., Rathore, S. S., & Mansoor, M. A. (2023). Productivity of mung bean (Vigna radiata) as influenced by phosphorus fertilizer. https://doi.org/10.58628/JAE
- Khan, I., Hussain, Z., & Kakar, K. M. (2014). Pheno-morphological traits of mung bean as influenced by phosphorus and tillage under irrigated and un-irrigated conditions. Pure and Applied Biology, 3(2).
- Khan, N., Khyber, S. U., Ur, A., & Khalil, R. (2017a). Response of mung bean to various levels of biochar, farmyard manure and nitrogen. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjas.2017.26.33
- Kumar, S., & Yadav, S. S. (2018). Effect of phosphorus fertilization and bio-organics on growth, yield and nutrient content of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330737406
- Moe, K., Moh, S. M., Htwe, A. Z., Kajihara, Y., & Yamakawa, T. (2019). Effects of integrated organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and growth parameters of rice varieties. Rice Science, 26(5), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2019.08.005
- Muhammad, A., Nawab, K., & Ali, A. (2016a). Effect of tillage and phosphorus interaction on yield of mung bean (Vigna radiata L., Wilczek) with and without moisture stress condition. International Scientific Researches Journal, 72(2).
- Prapagdee, S., & Tawinteung, N. (2017). Effects of biochar on enhanced nutrient use efficiency of green bean, Vigna radiata L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(10), 9460–9467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8633-1
- Praveena, R., Ghosh, G., & Singh, V. (2018). Effect of foliar spray of boron and different zinc levels on growth and yield of Kharif greengram (Vigna radiata). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 1422–1428. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.163
- Rajput, A., & Memon, M. (2023). Phosphorus application on grain yield, uptake and P utilization efficiency of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 39(1), 256–268. https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.SJA/2023/39.1.256.268
- Rizwan, M. T., Majeed, M. A., Rehman, A. U., & Zafar, M. A. (2014). Potential of foliar-applied diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium (K) in achieving maximum productivity and quality of mash bean (Vigna mungo L.). Scientia Agriculturae, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.15192/pscp.sa.2014.3.3.147149
- Sadeghipour, O., Momen, R., & Tajali, A. A. (2010). Production of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application. Applied Sciences, 10(10), 843–847.
- Sharif, A., Ali, A., & Rahman, M. (2020). Effects of copper and vermicompost on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Walp and nutrient accumulation in its fruits. Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management, 5(2), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v5i2.44910
- Yousefi, A., Nabati, J., Mirzaeetalarposhti, R., & Malakshahi Kurdestani, A. (2025). Optimizing mung bean productivity and root morphology with biofertilizers for sustainable farming. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 40333. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-28815-8
- Zheng, E., Zhu, Y., Qin, M., Chen, P., Liu, M., & Qi, Z. (2023). Effects of organic fertilizer replacement nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen utilization and growth of mung bean: Evidence from 15N-tracing technology. Agronomy, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010235

