Abstract :
Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the highest viral infection due to its fatality in humans. Initially, dengue only occurred in the tropics and has spread to sub-tropical areas. This disease is transmitted through the bite of vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus, so the presence of these vectors is important in the spread of dengue disease. The existence of this vector is influenced by environmental conditions. Creating a suitable environment for vector mosquitoes is determined by climatic factors, especially rainfall, temperature, and humidity. Various studies have shown that these climatic factors’ influence can vary from region to region. This article discusses the variations in the influence of these climatic factors on the incidence of DHF to enrich knowledge about the epidemiology of dengue infection. This study concludes that temperature and rainfall could have a positive or negative effect on the incidence of DHF, while humidity consistently had a positive effect on the incidence of DHF. The climate factor does not stand alone and does not directly affect the process of DHF transmission. The influence appeared through the vector’s life and the virus’s multiplication in the vector’s body.
Keywords :
Aedes, Dengue fever, humidity, influence variation, rainfall, temperatureReferences :
- Dengue and Severe Dengue. [internet]. 2022. Available from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue
- Murugesan A, Manoharan M. Dengue Virus. Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens. 2020:281–359. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819400-3.00016-8.
- Carrington LB, Simmons CP. Human to mosquito transmission of dengue viruses. Front Immunol. 2014:17;5:290. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.00290.
- Lambert B, North, A, Godfray CJ. A Meta-analysis of Longevity Estimates of Mosquito Vectors of Disease. bioRxiv doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.30.494059
- Murillo D, Murillo A, Lee S. The Role of Vertical Transmission in the Control of Dengue Fever. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(5):803. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050803.
- Dalpadado R, Amarasinghe D, Gunathilaka N. (2022) Water quality characteristics of breeding habitats in relation to the density of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in domestic settings in Gampaha district of Sri Lanka. Acta Tropica. 2022:229.106339, doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106339.
- Janaki MDS, Aryaprema VS, Fernando N, Handunnetti SM, Weerasena OVDSJ, Pathirana PPSL, et al. Prevalence and resting behaviour of dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in dengue high risk urban settings in Colombo, Sri Lanka, Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 2022:25 (3), org/10.1016/j.aspen.2022.101961.
- Perdomo HD, Hussain M, Parry, R. et al.Human blood microRNA hsa-miR-21-5p induces vitellogenin in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Commun Biol. 2021:4, 856. org/10.1038/s42003-021-02385-7
- Ferede G, Tiruneh M, Abate E, Kassa WJ, Wondimeneh Y, Damtie D, Tessema B. Distribution, and larval breeding habitats of Aedesmosquito species in residential areas of northwest Ethiopia. Epidemiol Health. 2018 ;40:e2018015. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2018015.
- Chan M, Johansson MA. The incubation periods of Dengue viruses. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50972. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050972.
- Marinho RA, Beserra EB, Bezerra-Gusmão MA, Porto VDS, Olinda RA, dos Santos CAC. Effects of temperature on the life cycle, expansion, and dispersion of Aedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) in three cities in Paraiba, Brazil. Journal of Vector Ecology. 2016;41: 1-10. org/10.1111/jvec.12187
- Costa EAPA, Santos EMM, Correia JC, de Albuquerque CMR. Impact of small variations in temperature and humidity on the reproductive activity and survival of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 2010 54(3): 488–493
- Anderson JR, and Hesse RR. Aedes aegypti vectorial capacity is determined by the infecting genotype of the dengue virus. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2007; 75(5):886-892. PMCID: PMC 1993907; NIHMSID: NIHMS 21393.
- Klempner MS, Unnasch TR, Hu LT. Taking a bite out of vector-transmitted infectious diseases. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007;356(25): 2567-2569. DOI:10.1056/NEJMp078081.
- Luz PM, Codeço CT, Massad E, Struchiner CJ. Uncertainties regarding dengue modeling in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Memórias do instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2003;98(7): 871-878. doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762003000700002
- Maciel-de-Frietas R. A Review on the Ecological Determinants of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Vectorial Capacity. Oecologia Australis.14(3):726-736. DOI:10.4257/oeco.2010.1403.08
- Supartha IW. Integrated Control of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae). Udayana Anniversary Scientific Meeting, 3-6 September 2008, Bali. [in Bahasa Indonesia]
- Directorate General of PP&PL, Ministry of Health R.I., 2010. “Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Indonesia in 1968-2009. Buletin Jendela Epidemiologi. 2010 Agustus; 2:1-13. [in Bahasa Indonesia]
- Lai YH. The climatic factors affecting dengue fever outbreaks in Southern Taiwan: An application of symbolic data analysis. Biomed Eng Online. 2018;17(s2):148. doi.org/10.1186/ s12938-018-0575-4 PMid:30396346
- Dostal T, Meisner J, Munayco C, García PJ, Cárcamo C, Pérez Lu JE, et al. The effect of weather and climate on dengue outbreak risk in Peru, 2000-2018: A time-series analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(6): e0010479. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010479
- Nair DG, Aravind NP. Association between rainfall and the prevalence of clinical cases of dengue in Thiruvananthapuram district, India. Int J Mosquito Res. 2020;2020:488. doi. org/10.22271/23487941.2020.v7.i6a.488
- Zafra B. Predicting dengue in the Philippines using artificial neural network. medRxiv. 2020;2020:8-13. doi. org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20209718
- Hooshyar M, Wagner CE, Baker RE, Yang W, Vecchi GA, Metcalf CJ, et al. Dengue seasonality and non-monotonic response to moisture: A model-data analysis of Sri Lanka incidence from 2011 to 2016. arXiv. 2020;2020:2847.
- Umoh AA, Akpan AO, Jaco BB. Rainfall and Relative Humidity Occurrence Patterns in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Engineering. 2013: 3(8):27-31. doi:9790/3021-03842731
- Mourya DT, Yadav P, Mishra AC. Effect of Temperature Stress on Immature Stages and Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes to Chikungunya Virus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2004:70(4):346–350
- Goindin D, Delannay C, Ramdini C, Gustave J, Fouque F. Parity and Longevity of Aedes aegypti According to Temperatures in Controlled Conditions and Consequences on Dengue Transmission Risks. Public Library of Science One. 2015: 10(8): e0135489.
- Minarti M, Anwar C, Irfannuddin I, Irsan C, Amin R, Ghiffari A. Impact of Climate Variability and Incidence on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Palembang City, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2015;15; 9(E):952-958. org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6853
- Bergero PE, Ruggerio CA, Lombardo R, Schweigmann NJ, Solari HG. Dispersal of Aedes aegypti: Field Study in Temperate Areas Using a Novel Method. Journal Vector Borne Disease. September 2013:163–170
- Mellor PS, Leake CJ. Climatic and Geographic Influences on Arboviral Infections and Vectors. Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics). 2000;19:41–54
- Cong RG, Brady M. The Interdependence between Rainfall and Temperature: Copula Analyses. The Scientific World Journal. 2012: Article ID 405675, 11 pages. org/10.1100/2012/405675
- Watt DM, Burke DS, Harrison BA, Whitmire RE and Nisalak A. Effect of temperature on the vector efficiency of Aedes aegypti for dengue 2 virus. J.Trop.Med.Hyg. 1987; 36(1), 1987.pp.143-152.
- Bellone R and Failloux A-B. The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission. Front. Microbiol. 2020. 11:584846. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584846
- Carrington LB, Armijos MV, Lambrechts L, Barker CM, Scott TW. Effects of Fluctuating Daily Temperatures at Critical Thermal Extremes on Aedes aegypti Life-History Traits. Public Library of Science One. 2013; 8(3). e58824
- Alto BW, Bettinardi D. Temperature, and dengue virus infection in mosquitoes: independent effects on the immature and adult stages. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;88(3):497-505. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0421.
- Lambrechts L, Paaijmans KP, Fansiri T, Carrington LB, Kramer LD, Thomas MB, Scott TW. Impact of daily temperature fluctuations on dengue virus transmission by Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(18):7460-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1101377108.
- Brady OJ, Johansson MA, Guerra CA, Bhatt S, Golding N, Pigott DM, et al. Modeling Adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Survival at Different Temperatures in Laboratory and Field Settings. Parasites and Vectors. 2013: 6(351)
- Tsai P-J, Lin T-H, Teng H-J, Yeh H-C. Critical low temperature for the survival of Aedes aegypti in Taiwan. Parasites & Vectors. 2018;11:22: 1-14. DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2606-6
- Chang HL, Hsu LE, Teng JH, Ho MC. Development, Life History: Differential Survival of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae Exposed to Low Temperatures in Taiwan. Med. Entomol. 2007;44(2): 205-210
- Kesetyaningsih TW. Spatio-Temporal Prediction Model for Areas at Risk of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (Case Study in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta). Dissertation. Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia. 2018. [in Bahasa Indonesia]
- Chowell G, Cazelles B, Broutin H, Munayco CV. The influence of geographic and climate factors on the timing of dengue epidemics in Perú, 1994-2008. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;8;11:164. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-164.
- Schmidt CA, Comeau G, Monaghan AJ, Williamson DJ, Ernst KC. Effects of desiccation stress on adult female longevity in Aedes aegypti and albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): results of a systematic review and pooled survival analysis. Parasit Vectors. 2018;25;11(1):267. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2808-6.
- Hasanah, Susanna D. Weather Implication for Dengue Fever in Jakarta, Indonesia 2008-2016. KnE Life Sciences. 2019;4(10), 184–192. org/10.18502/kls.v4i10.371
- Monintja TCN, Arsin AA, Amiruddin R, Syafar M. Analysis of temperature and humidity on dengue hemorrhagic fever in Manado Municipality, Gaceta Sanitaria. 2021: 35 (S2): S330-S333
- Xu H-Y, Fu X, Lee LKH, Ma S, Goh KT, et al. Statistical Modeling Reveals the Effect of Absolute Humidity on Dengue in Singapore. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(5): e2805.doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002805
- Ghaisani NP, Sulistiawati S, Lusida MLI. Correlation Between Climate Factors with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases in Surabaya 2007- 2017. Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease. 2021;9(1), 39–44. org/10.20473/ijtid.v9i1.16075
- Chen Y, Zhao Z, Li Z, Li W, Li Z, Guo R, Yuan Z. Spatiotemporal Transmission Patterns and Determinants of Dengue Fever: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16, 2486. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142486
- Campbell KM, Lin CD, Iamsirithaworn S, Scott TW. The complex relationship between weather and dengue virus transmission in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;89(6):1066-1080. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0321.

