Abstract :

Renewable energy research involves studies that change perspectives on energy utilization into two options: renewable energy and fossil energy. Fossil energy is derived from fossil fuels — organic remains of living things that died millions of years ago and are trapped beneath the earth’s surface. The formation process takes a long time, unlike renewable energy, which is naturally provided. The use of renewable energy refers to the utilization of energy sources that can be renewed naturally. This must be a shared concern to maintain the sustainability of nature for the continuity and safety of the Earth. Renewable energy, such as solar, wind, water, geothermal, and biomass, can be used to produce electricity or other forms of community welfare. The use of renewable energy offers many benefits, including reducing environmental impacts, increasing energy efficiency, and creating jobs. This study aims to: (1) analyze the role and effectiveness of multi-stakeholder synergy in community empowerment through renewable energy; and (2) analyze the policy strategies needed to strengthen environmental resilience to ensure equitable and sustainable community development through renewable energy. The data for this study were obtained through a literature review that examines renewable energy from various perspectives. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of inclusive development studies and be beneficial to society.

---

Keywords :

Community Welfare, Environmental Resilience, Inclusive Development, Renewable Energy

---

References :

1. Adger, W. N. (2020). Social-ecological resilience to climate change. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 45(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083019
2. Aditya, I. A., Wijayanto, T., & Hakam, D. F. (2025). Advancing Renewable Energy in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Analysis of Challenges, Opportunities, and Strategic Solutions. Sustainability, 17(5), 2216.
3. Alam, M., Murad, M. W., & Noman, A. H. M. (2022). Renewable energy and rural development: Evidence from developing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 160, 112310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112310
4. Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2023). Empowering communities through renewable energy: Case studies from Southeast Asia. ADB Publications.
5. Balcilar, M., Özkan, O., Usman, O., Saint Akadırı, S., & Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A. (2025). A global shift: How modern technologies are powering the energy transition in the face of climate change. Journal of Environmental Management, 384, 125610.
6. (2022). Indonesia’s long-term strategy for low carbon and climate resilience 2050. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas).
7. Boomgaard, P. (1989). Children of the colonial state: Population growth and economic development in Java, 1795–1880. Free University Press.
8. Breman, J. (2015). Mobilizing labour for the global coffee economy: Coffee and colonialism in Southeast Asia. Journal of Agrarian Change, 15(3), 366–389. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12078
9. Byrne, J., & Taminiau, J. (2016). Energy democracy: Goals and policy instruments for sociotechnical transitions. Energy Research & Social Science, 33, 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.01.021
10. Clarence-Smith, W. G. (1994). Coffee and capitalism in Southeast Asia: An historical overview. Cambridge University Press.
11. Cribb, R. (2000). Historical atlas of Indonesia. Curzon Press.
12. (2025). Indonesia power sector data: Clean energy trends 2025. Ember Climate. https://ember-climate.org
13. Fasseur, C. (1992). The politics of colonial exploitation: Java, the Dutch, and the cultivation system. Cornell University Press.
14. Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., & Rockström, J. (2016). Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, 21(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08748-210441
15. Hassan, Q., Viktor, P., Al-Musawi, T. J., Ali, B. M., Algburi, S., Alzoubi, H. M., … & Jaszczur, M. (2024). The renewable energy role in the global energy Transformations. Renewable Energy Focus, 48, 100545.
16. Henley, D. (2005). Fertility, food and fever: Population, economy and environment in North and Central Sulawesi, 1600–1930. KITLV Press.
17. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). (2023). World energy transitions outlook 2023: 1.5°C pathway. IRENA. https://www.irena.org
18. (2021). Indonesia sustainable development policy report 2021. Jakarta Institute for Sustainable Development Policy.
19. Knaap, G. J. (1996). Coffee for the sultan: The Dutch East India Company and the Asian trade in the seventeenth century. Verloren.
20. Pelras, C. (1996). The Bugis. Blackwell Publishers.
21. Rahman, F. (2019, February). Save the world versus man-made disaster: A cultural perspective. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 235, No. 1, p. 012071). IOP Publishing.
22. Ricklefs, M. C. (2001). A history of modern Indonesia since c. 1200 (3rd ed.). Stanford University Press.
23. Saleh, H. M., & Hassan, A. I. (2024). The challenges of sustainable energy transition: A focus on renewable energy. Applied Chemical Engineering, 7(2), 2084.
24. Schulte Nordholt, H. (2011). Decentralization and democracy in Indonesia: Strengthening local governance. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.
25. Sovacool, B. K., & Griffiths, S. (2021). The cultural politics of energy transitions: Socio-technical imaginaries of fossil fuels and renewables. Energy Policy, 149, 112026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112026
26. Sovacool, B. K., Burke, M., Baker, L., Kotikalapudi, C. K., & Wlokas, H. (2020). Energy justice in the transition to renewables: A global review. Applied Energy, 281, 116041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116041
27. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2023). Indonesia energy profile and statistics 2023. U.S. Department of Energy.
28. Van den Berge, P. (1998). Modernization and its discontents in colonial Indonesia. In P. Boomgaard (Ed.), Frontiers of colonial development (pp. 75–101). KITLV Press.