Abstract :
The study assessed the effect of nutrition on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko Town Council, Sironko District. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to determine the effect of diet on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District, establish the effect of frequency of feeding on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District and to determine the effect of parental knowledge on nutrition on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District. The study was carried out using a cross-sectional survey design where both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. Simple random sampling was used to select 60 respondents from Sironko Town Council, Sironko District and convenient sampling was used to select 10 pre-schools that had school feeding programs. The study found out that 65.2% of the respondents acknowledged that the schools provided meals that were balanced and 34.8% of the respondents acknowledged that schools provided meals that were not balanced. 80% of the respondents also believed that nutrition has a significant effect on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District. Results also indicated that nutrition-related factors have a profound and statistically significant effect on preschool children’s academic performance. For the first objective, children with a balanced diet performed far better (M = 3.60) than those without (M = 1.66), t (215) = 25.07, p < 0.001, with a very large effect size (d = 3.99). This confirms that diet is a enhances learners academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District.
Keywords :
Academic Performance, Balanced Meals, diet, Nutrition, Pre-Schools, Sironko District.References :
- Adhikari, D., Kadel, R., Dhungana, R. R., & Mandal, A. (2017). Effect of nutritional status on academic performance of school children in rural Nepal. Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society, 37(3), 193–200.
- Al-Makhloufi, H. M., Al-Maktari, M. T., Mahdy, M. A., Azazy, A. A., Fong, M. Y., Lim, Y. A., & Surin, J. (2018). Impact of feeding practices and frequency on cognitive performance of preschool children in Malaysia. Nutrients, 10(4), 473.
- Ball, S. C., Hennessy, E., & Lynch, M. (2015). The impact of meal frequency and composition on childhood obesity and academic performance. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47(2), 102-108.
- Black, M. M., Walker, S. P., Fernald, L. C., Andersen, C. T., DiGirolamo, A. M., Lu, C., … & Grantham-McGregor, S. (2017). Early childhood development coming of age: Science through the life course. The Lancet
- Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., Bhutta, Z. A., Christian, P., de Onis, M., … & Uauy, R. (2016). Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 427–451.
- Crawley, H., Green, J., & Wilson, L. (2011). Nutritional interventions in childhood: Effects on learning and behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(10), 1042-1049.
- Desai, S., Reilly, S. M., & Thorne, J. M. (2014). Effects of meal frequency and timing on preschool children’s behavior and cognitive performance. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(3), 374-383.
- District Health Office, Sironko. (2021). Annual health sector performance report. Sironko District Local Government.
- Ebrahimi-Mameghani, M., Sadeghi-Bazargani, H., Taghizadeh, A., & Ghalavand, Z. (2021). Maternal nutritional knowledge and its relationship with feeding practices and child nutritional status. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-10.
- Fan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Yin, X. (2020). Effects of parental nutrition knowledge training on child feeding practices and growth in preschool children: A randomized controlled trial. Public Health Nutrition, 23(9), 1527-1535.
- Finkelstein, J. A., Rattigan, S. L., & Maslow, M. R. (2008). Effects of iron deficiency on preschool children’s behavior. Journal of Pediatrics, 153(6), 840-846.
- Harris, G., Hay, W. W., & de Onis, M. (2015). Nutritional status and child development. Pediatrics, 135(2).
- Howard, S. J., Melhuish, E., & Martin, A. J. (2022). The impact of early intervention on classroom behavior and academic performance: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of School Psychology, 90, 35-48.
- Jacka, F. N., Rothon, C., Taylor, S., Berk, M., & Stansfeld, S. A. (2019). Diet quality and mental health problems in adolescents from East London: A prospective study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 54(9)
- Kinyoki, D. K., Kandala, N. B., Manda, S. O., & Noor, A. M. (2018). Assessing comorbidity and correlates of wasting and stunting among children in Somalia using cross-sectional household surveys: 2007 to 2010. BMJ Open, 6(3)
- Littlecott, H. J., Moore, G. F., Moore, L., Lyons, R. A., & Murphy, S. (2020). Association between breakfast consumption and educational outcomes in 9–11-year-old children. Public Health Nutrition, 23(6), 1039-1047
- Namugumya, B. S., Muyonga, J. H., & Nakimbugwe, D. (2020). Dietary practices, feeding habits and nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months in Uganda. African Health Sciences, 20(2), 682–691.
- Nankumbi, J., Muliira, J. K., & Kizza, I. B. (2019). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of caregivers in relation to feeding practices of children aged 6-24 months in Uganda: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1), 1-9.
- Norman, Å., Nyberg, G., Elinder, L. S., & Patterson, E. (2021). Process evaluation of a multicomponent intervention for diet and physical activity among preschool children: The Healthy Start project. Public Health Nutrition, 24(10), 2935-2944.
- Nyaradi, A., Li, J., Hickling, S., Foster, J., & Oddy, W. H. (2017). The role of nutrition in children’s neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 97
- Ogbo, F. A., Agho, K. E., Ogeleka, P., Woolfenden, S., Page, A., & Eastwood, J. (2017). Infant feeding practices and maternal education in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study. International Breastfeeding Journal, 12(1), 1-11
- Prado, E. L., Larson, L. M., Cox, K., Bettencourt, K., Kubes, J. N., & Shankar, A. H. (2019). Do effects of early life interventions on linear growth correspond to effects on neurobehavioral development? A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 7(10).
- Saaka, M., Wemakor, A., Abizari, A. R., & Aryee, P. (2017). How well do caregivers’ feeding knowledge and practices predict child nutritional status? BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-11.
- Schmidt, M., van Kessel, J., & de Jong, R. (2012). The effects of diet on ADHD symptoms in preschool children. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(2), 144-151.
- Smith, A. P., Uzzell, D., & Roberts, S. (2012). The effects of meal frequency on cognitive performance in preschool children. Psychology and Health, 27(1), 68-79.
- Smith, E. D., Roberts, J., & Wallace, T. (2013). Nutritional status and its effects on cognitive development. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 17(2), 112-121.
- Teshome, B., Kogi-Makau, W., Getahun, Z., & Taye, G. (2016). Magnitude and determinants of stunting in children under five years of age in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- UBOS & ICF. (2018). Uganda demographic and health survey 2016. Uganda Bureau of Statistics and ICF.
- (2019). The state of the world’s children 2019: Children, food and nutrition—Growing well in a changing world. United Nations Children’s Fund.
- Walker, S. P., Chang, S. M., & Powell, C. A. (2011). Early childhood nutrition and academic achievement: The influence of feeding frequency. Child Development, 82(2), 340-350.
- Wang, L., Wang, Y., Xue, H., & Qu, W. (2023). Impact of nutrition interventions on preschool children’s dietary habits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 15(2), 330.
- World Bank. (2018). World development report 2018: Learning to realize education’s promise. World Bank.
- Zhang, J., Shi, L., Chen, D., Wang, J., Wang, Y., & Wang, H. (2020). Association between dietary patterns and cognitive functions among Chinese preschool children. Public Health Nutrition, 23(4), 649-6

