Abstract :

Identification of victims of death due to disasters and accidents is important to fulfill the rights of victims. The identification process is carried out by anthropometric measurements, one of which is the measurement of the cephalic index. Age is one of the factors of the cephalic index value and head shape based on the time of the start of the fusion process in each bone as well as the role of hormones during growth or pubertal. The cephalic index can also serve to monitor indications of the development and growth of a varied population and its distribution and find out if there are abnormalities in the head. This study aims to determine the difference in the mean cephalic index based on the age of pubertal and post-pubertal in the Timorese in Kupang City. This research is comparative analytic with a cross-sectional approach design. The sample selection technique in this study used a concecutive sampling technique with a total sample of 100 people. The research begins with an explanation of the general description of the study, informed consent, and measuring the width and length of the head using spreading caliper. The data analysis used is an independent t-test. From the results of using the independent t-test, there was no significant difference in the mean cephalic index based on the age of pubertal and post-pubertal in the Timorese in Kupang City with a p value = 0.12. There is no significant difference in the mean cephalic index based on the age of pubertal and post-pubertal in the Timorese in Kupang City.

---

Keywords :

Cephalic Index, Kupang City, Post-pubertal Age, Pubertal Age

---

References :

1. Yulianto S, Apriyadi RK, Aprilyanto A, Winugroho T, Ponangsera IS, Wilopo W. Disaster history and its management in Indonesia from the perspective of national security. PENDIPA J Sci Educ. 2021;5(2):180–7.
2. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Number of disasters in Indonesia reaches record high in 2016 [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Mar 21]. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-38456759
3. Blau S, Briggs CA. The role of forensic anthropology in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI). Forensic Sci Int. 2011;205:29–35.
4. Lynnerup N. Forensic anthropology and human identification. Scand J Forensic Sci Nord Rettsmedisin. 2013;19(1):16–38.
5. Kumar K, Sabarigirinathan C. Cephalic index – A review. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2019;3(0):1.
6. Senol RGT, Safak NK, Yucel AH. Anthropometric evaluation of cranial indexes. Int J Contemp Med Res (IJCMR). 2019;6(10):4–7.
7. Nandy A. Principles of Forensic Medicine. 2nd ed. India: New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd; 2001.
8. PKD, CS J, V. V, U DR. A study on measurement and correlation of cephalic and facial indices in males of South Indian population. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2013;2(3):439.
9. Eboh DEO, Umukoro O, Okumagba MT. Head phenotypes based on cephalic index among Ukwuani people in South-South Nigeria. East Afr Med J. 2016;93(3):135–40.
10. Styne DM. The regulation of pubertal growth. Horm Res. 2003;60(Suppl 1):22–6.
11. Titien I. Theories and factors influencing craniofacial growth. J Kedokt Gigi Univ Indones. 2003;10(Special Issue on Craniofacial Growth):339–43.
12. Savage MO. The changing face of pediatric human growth hormone therapy. Endocrines. 2022;3(3):419–27.
13. Min YS, Oh CS, Hong JH, Shin DH, Hwang YI. Ancient to modern secular changes in the cranial/cephalic index in Korea: historical brachycephalization and recent debrachycephalization. Anat Sci Int [Internet]. 2020;95(3):363–73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-020-00529-z
14. Statistics Indonesia [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 16]. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/indikator/indikator/view_data/0000/data/1325/sdgs_2/1

15. Anggraini M, Muslim C, Kamilah SN. Morphometric analysis of the head and face among the Balinese ethnic community in Suro Bali Village, Ujan Mas District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. Konserv Hayati. 2020;16(2):71–6.
16. Purnomo H. Anthropometry and Its Applications. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu; 2013. p. 96.
17. Kittles RA, Weiss KM. Race, ancestry, and genes: Implications for defining disease risk. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2003;4:33–67.
18. Rona NA, Kunthi Y, Henky, Dudut R. Differences in mean cephalic index and height between Balinese and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) ethnic groups in Denpasar. J Med Udayana. 2021;10(4):2–7.