Role of The Forest-Savanna Transition Zones in Mitigating Climate Change at Lamto Scientific Reserve, Côte d’Ivoire

Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Volume 08 Issue 01 January 2025

Article Date Published : 31 January 2025 | Page No.: 524-542 | Google Scholar | Crossref doi for this article

Abstract :

In the context of global climate change, forests play a crucial role as carbon sinks, contributing to regulating greenhouse gases and stabilising the climate. This study evaluates the role of forest-savanna transition zones in mitigating climate change at Lamto Scientific Reserve, Côte d’Ivoire, by assessing their carbon sequestration capacity and economic value. The study employed a combination of field surveys, remote sensing and statistical analysis to gather and analyse the data. The floristic inventory recorded 4,018 individuals, distributed among 142 species, 92 genus, and 37 families.  The stem density ranges from 510 stems/ha (shrub savanna) to 758 stems/ha (moist semi-deciduous forest), with a basal area varying from 5.65 m²/ha (open forest) to 11.79 m²/ha (gallery forest). The vegetation structure, characterised by a “bell-shaped” vertical stratification and an “inverted J” horizontal distribution, reflects active regeneration. In terms of biomass and carbon sequestration, the gallery forest dominates with 287.37 ± 201.68 t/ha of biomass, 143.69 ± 100.84 tC/ha of carbon, and an exceptional capacity to sequester 526.856 tCO₂/ha, accounting for 57.6% of the total carbon sequestered. Its economic value, supported by mechanisms such as REDD+ High, reaches 13,171 EUR/ha (8,639,880 FCFA). In contrast, the shrub savanna, with a biomass of 9.38 ± 8.41 t/ha and limited sequestration of 17.203 tCO₂/ha, offers a maximum value of 430 EUR/ha (282,111 FCFA). The results highlight the key role of the gallery forest as the primary carbon sink and the economic potential of Lamto’s ecosystems. They underscore sustainable management’s importance in maximising climate regulation, preserving biodiversity, and enhancing ecological resilience.

Keywords :

Carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation, Côte d’Ivoire, Forest-savanna transition zones, Lamto Scientific Reserve, Plant biodiversity

References :

  1. Adou Yao, C. Y., Kpangui, K. B., Kouao, K. J., Adou, L. M. D., Vroh, B. T. A., and N’Guessan, K. E., 2013. Diversité floristique et valeur de la forêt sacrée Bokasso (Est de la Côte d’Ivoire) pour la conservation. VertigO, 13. DOI: 4000/vertigo.13500.
  2. Aké-Assi L., 1984. Flore de la Côte d’Ivoire: Etude descriptive et biogéographique, avec quelques notes ethnobotaniques. Faculté des Sciences, Abidjan. 1206 p.
  3. Akpa, Y. L., N’da, D. H., Kyereh, B., and Kpangui, K. B., 2019. Impact of Cashew Plantation on Carbon Stock in the Forest-Savanna Transition Zone (North-East Côte d’Ivoire). International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 27(2), pp. 591–598.
  4. Asner, G.P., Anderson, C.B., Martin, R.E., Knapp, D.E., Tupayachi, R., Sinca, F., and Malhi, Y., 2014. Targeted carbon conservation at national scales with high-resolution monitoring. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 111(47), pp. E4787–E4796. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419550111.
  5. Assale, A. A. Y., Kouakou, K. A., Kouakou, A. T. M., Kpangui, K. B., and Barima, Y. S. S., 2021. Diversité végétale et potentiel de séquestration de carbone des espaces domaniaux anthropisés : cas de la forêt classée du Haut-Sassandra (Centre-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire). Agronomie Africaine, Sp. 33(1), pp. 15–28.
  6. Avenard, J.-M., Eldin, M., Girard, G., Sircoulon, J., Touchebeuf, P., Guillaumet, J.-L. and Adjanohoun, E., 1971. Le milieu naturel de la Côte d’Ivoire. Paris: ORSTOM, 391 p. (Mémoires ORSTOM ; 50).
  7. Bigot, S., Oszwald, J., Brou Yao, T., Diedhiou, A., Konaré, A., Fofana, M., and Assamoi, P., 2004. Le suivi des variations climatiques et écologiques en Afrique de l’Ouest : le rôle de la station de mesures de Lamto (Côte d’Ivoire). In: Climat, mémoire du temps… : Thème 2 – Le Climat : son évolution et ses excès, AIC 2004.
  8. Boulier, C., & Simon, C. 2010. Economic Impacts of Carbon Trading on Market Prices. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 60(3), 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2010.07.001
  9. Brondizio, E.S., Le Tourneau, F.-M., and Nobre, C.A., 2019. The global significance of tropical forests. Science, 365(6457), pp.1226-1229. DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3100.
  10. Brown, H.C.P. and Lassoie, J.P., 2010. Institutional choice and local legitimacy in community-based forest management: lessons from Cameroon. Environmental Conservation, 37(3), pp.261-269. DOI: 10.1017/S0376892910000603.
  11. Brown, S., 1997. Estimation of Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: A Primer. FAO Forestry Paper 134. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  12. Chatelain, C., Dao, H., Gautier, L., and Spichiger, R., 2010. Forest cover changes in Côte d’Ivoire and Upper Guinea. In: Atlas of Biodiversity of West Africa. pp. 20-23. CABI Digital Library. Available at: https://cabidigitallibrary.org [Accessed 2 Nov. 2024].
  13. Chave, J., Andalo, C., Brown, S., et al. 2005. Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia, 145(1), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x
  14. Chave, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Búrquez, A., Chidumayo, E., Colgan, M. S., Delitti, W. B. C., Duque, A., Eid, T., Fearnside, P. M., Goodman, R. C., Henry, M., Martínez-Yrízar, A., Mugasha, W. A., Muller-Landau, H. C., Mencuccini, M., Nelson, B. W., Ngomanda, A., Nogueira, E. M., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pélissier, R., Ploton, P., Ryan, C. M., Saldarriaga, J. G., Vieilledent, G., 2014. Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Global Change Biology, 20(10), pp. 3177-3190. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12629.
  15. Chenost, C., Gardette, Y. M., Demenois, J., Grondard, N., Pierrier, M. and Wemaëre, M., 2010. Les marchés du carbone forestier. Bringing forest carbon projects to the market. PNUE-ONFI-AFD-BioCF. 172p.Devineau, J.L. (1975). “Etude quantitative des forets galeries de Lamto (moyenne Côte d’Ivoire)”, Thèse de Doctorat de 3 ème cycle de l’université de Paris VI, 190 p.
  16. Climate-data.org, 2024. climate-data.org assessed le 3 novembre 2024.
  17. Devineau, J.L., 1975. Etude quantitative des forêts galeries de Lamto (moyenne Côte d’Ivoire). Thèse de Doctorat de 3ème cycle, Université de Paris VI, 190 p.
  18. Dibi, N. H., Adou, Y. C. Y., N’Guessan, K. E., Koné, M., and Sagne, Y. C., 2008. Analyse de la diversité floristique du parc national de la Marahoué, Centre-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. Afrique SCIENCE, 4(3), pp. 552–579. ISSN: 1813-548X.
  19. Djomo, A.N., Ibrahima, A., Saborowski, J., and Gravenhorst, G., 2016. Tree allometry for estimation of carbon stocks in African tropical forests. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 89(4), pp.446-457. DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpw021.
  20. Douffi, K.G.-C., Yao, A.C., Koffi, K.J., Traoré, A.S. and Koné, M., 2021. Afforestation in response to thermal change in the forest-savanna transition of the Lamto Scientific Reserve, Côte d’Ivoire. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 7(2), pp.45-56. DOI: 10.33904/ejfe.978520.
  21. Doumbia, M., Kouassi, H. R., Ambe, A. S. A., Nomel, G. J. R., and N’Guessan, K. E., 2020. Analyse de la diversité de la forêt classée d’Orumbo-Boka (Centre de la Côte d’Ivoire). European Scientific Journal, 16(24), pp. 184–198. DOI: 19044/esj.2020.v16n24p184.
  22. Dunn, O. J., 1961. Multiple Comparisons Among Means. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 56(293), pp. 52–64. DOI: 1080/01621459.1961.10482090.
  23. Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), 2024. Navigating Jurisdictional REDD+: A Pricing Guide for Tropical Forest Nations. Available at: https://www.edf.org [Accessed 3 November 2024]
  24. Etc Terra. 2016. Étude qualitative des facteurs de la déforestation et de la dégradation des forêts désagrégés par zone agroécologique. Programme National ONU-REDD – FAO / SEP-REDD+.
  25. FAO 2020. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at: https://www.fao.org/forest-resources-assessment/2020.
  26. FAO 2024a. The State of the World’s Forests 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at: https://www.fao.org/publications/home/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-the-worlds-forests/en.
  27. FAO, 2005. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005: Progress towards sustainable forest management. FAO Forestry Paper 147. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  28. FAO, 2024. The State of the World’s Forests 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available on : https://www.fao.org/forests.
  29. Fayolle, A., Douce, J.-L., Gille, J.-F., Bourland, N. and Lejeune, P., 2013. Tree allometry in Central Africa: Testing the validity of pantropical multi-species allometric equations for estimating biomass and carbon stocks. Forest Ecology and Management, 305, pp. 29-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.012.
  30. Fittkau, E. J. and Klinge, N. H., 1973. On biomass and trophic structure of the central Amazonian rainforest ecosystem. Biotropica, 5, pp. 2-14.
  31. Gbozé, A. E., Sanogo, A., Amani, B. H. K. and Kassi, N. J., 2020. Diversité floristique et valeur de conservation de la forêt classée de Badénou (Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire). Agronomie Africaine, 32(1), pp. 51-73.
  32. Gignoux, J., Barot, S., N’Dri, A.B., Konaté, S., Dembélé, A., and Werner, P.A. The dynamics of hollowing in annually burnt savanna trees and its effect on adult tree mortality. Plant Ecology, 212(12), pp. 2071–2083. DOI: 10.1007/s11258-013-0276-9.
  33. Gnahoré, L.O., Konaté, S., N’Guessan, K.E., Bakayoko, A. and Kouassi, K.E., 2018. Dynamique et structure de la flore de la savane protégée des feux dans la Réserve Scientifique de Lamto (Centre de la Côte d’Ivoire). European Scientific Journal, 14(36), pp.432-451. DOI: 10.19044/esj.2018.v14n36p432.
  34. Goetz, S. and Dubayah, R., 2011. Advances in remote sensing technology and implications for measuring and monitoring forest carbon stocks and change. Carbon Management, 2(3), pp.231-244. DOI: 10.4155/cmt.11.18.
  35. Goetz, S.J., Baccini, A., Laporte, N.T., Johns, T., Walker, W., Kellndorfer, J., Houghton, R.A., and Sun, M., 2009. Mapping and monitoring carbon stocks with satellite observations: a comparison of methods. Carbon Balance and Management, 4(2). DOI: 10.1186/1750-0680-4-2.
  36. Gonzalez, P., Tucker, C.J. and Sy, H., 2012. Tree density and species decline in the African Sahel attributable to climate. Journal of Arid Environments, 78, pp.55-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.001.
  37. Groupe indépendant de scientifiques nommés par le Secrétaire général, 2020. Le Futur c’est maintenant : la science au service du développement durable, Rapport mondial sur le développement durable 2019. Nations Unies, New York.
  38. Gueulou, N., Kouakou, G.-C. D., Soro, Y., Koné, M. and Bakayoko, A., 2020. The forest cover and the forest carbon stock assessment of Lamto Scientific Reserve (Côte d’Ivoire). International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 28(3), pp. 682–689.
  39. IPCC, 2006. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories – Volume 4 – Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan.
  40. Koffi, K.F., N’Dri, A.B., Lata, J.C., Konaté, S., Srikanthasamy, T., Konan, M. and Barot, S. 2018. Effect of fire regime on the grass community of the humid savanna of Lamto, Ivory Coast. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 35, pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467418000391.
  41. Konaté, S. et Kampmann, D. (éds), 2010. Atlas de la biodiversité de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, Tome III : Côte d’Ivoire. Abidjan et Francfort-sur-le-Main : BIOTA.
  42. Koné, A.W., Kassin, E.K., Ettien, J.B.D., Konaté, Z. and Gnahoua, G.M., 2020. Le carbone des sols des zones de forêts et de savanes en Côte d’Ivoire : Impacts de Chromolaena odorata et des légumineuses. In: T. Chevallier, T.M. Razafimbelo, L. Chapuis-Lardy and M. Brossard, eds. Carbone des sols en Afrique. Impacts des usages des sols et des pratiques agricoles. FAO/IRD Editions, Rome/Marseille, pp. 191-208.
  43. Koné, F., Dosso, K., & Konaté, S. 2022. Agronomical potentiality of termite mound soils in a transitional zone in central Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 22, 1394–1402. DOI: 10.1007/s42729-021-00740-5.
  44. Kouakou, A. T. M., 2019. Dynamiques spatio-temporelles du couvert végétal et diversité floristique de quelques parcs nationaux et forêts classées de Côte d’Ivoire dans un contexte de crises politico-militaires. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, UFR Environnement, Spécialité : Écologie végétale. Année académique 2017-2018. Numéro d’ordre : 003. Soutenue le 16 mars 2019.
  45. Kouamé, Y. A. G., Millan, M., N’Dri, A. B., Charles-Dominique, T., Konan, M., Bakayoko, A., Gignoux, J., 2022. Multispecies allometric equations for shrubs and trees biomass prediction in a Guinean savanna (West Africa). Silva Fennica, 56(2), pp. 10617. DOI: 10.14214/sf.10617.
  46. Koulibaly, A., Goetze, D., Porembski, S., Traoré, D. and Aké-Assi, L., 2010. Vegetation characteristics and changes under cash crop cultivation in forest-savanna mosaics in Côte d’Ivoire. In: X. van der Burgt, J. van der Maesen and J.-M. Onana, eds. Systematics and Conservation of African Plants. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 805–814.
  47. Kpangba, K.P., N’Dri, A.B., and Bakayoko, A., 2022. Capacité de germination des graines et résistance aux feux des plantules des principales espèces ligneuses en savane guinéenne (Afrique de l’Ouest). REB-PASRES, 7(1), pp.61-73. ISSN: 2520-3037. Available at: https://rebpasres.org.
  48. Kruskal, W. H. and Wallis, W. A., 1952. Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47(260), pp. 583–621. DOI: 1080/01621459.1952.10483441.
  49. Lapointe, D. and Gagnon, C., 2012. À l’ombre des parcs : la conservation comme enjeu de justice environnementale pour les communautés locales ? In: D. Blanchon et al., eds. Justice et injustices environnementales. Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4000/books.pupo.3427.
  50. Levene, H., 1960. Robust Tests for Equality of Variances. In: I. Olkin, ed. Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling. Stanford University Press, pp. 278–292.
  51. Lewis, S.L., Edwards, D.P., & Galbraith, D. 2015. Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Science, 349(6250), 827-832. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa9932.
  52. Madron, L. D., Gbalet, P. E. et Balou, B. T. 2015. Rapport pour les Etats généraux de la forêt, de la faune et des ressources en eau. Thématique sur la Gestion durable des ressources forestières. Abidjan, 89 pp.
  53. Magurran, A. E., 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 264 p.
  54. Malhi, Y., Roberts, J. T., Betts, R. A., et al., 2004. Climate Change, Deforestation, and the Fate of the Amazon. Science, 319(5860), pp. 169-172. DOI: 1126/science.1146961.
  55. Mayaux, P., Pekel, J.-F., Desclée, B., Donnay, F., Lupi, A., Achard, F., Clerici, M., Bodart, C., Brink, A., Nasi, R., and Belward, A., 2013. State and evolution of the African rainforests between 1990 and 2010. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1625), 20120300. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0300.
  56. Microsoft Excel 2024. Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA.
  57. Molua, E.L., 2019. Global Warming and Carbon Sequestration in Africa’s Forests: Potential Rewards for New Policy Directions in the Congo Basin. In: New Frontiers in Natural Resources Management in Africa. Springer, pp. 233-252. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12957-1_13.
  58. Murray, B.C., Pendleton, L., Jenkins, W.A., and Sifleet, S., 2011. Green Payments for Blue Carbon: Economic Incentives for Protecting Threatened Coastal Habitats. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Duke University. Available at: https://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/sites/default/files/publications/blue-carbon-report-paper.pdf.
  59. N’Dri, A. B., Koné, A. W., Guéi, A. M., Soro, D., Bakayoko, A., Konaté, S., 2021. Experimental Study of Fire Behavior in Annually Burned Humid Savanna of West Africa in the Context of Bush Encroachment. In: Leal Filho, W., Pretorius, R., de Sousa, L. O. (eds) Sustainable Development in Africa. Cham: Springer, pp. 485–500. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74693-3_27.
  60. N’Dri, A.B., Koné, A.W., Loukou, S.K.K., Barot, S., and Gignoux, J. 2018. Carbon and nutrient losses through biomass burning, and links with soil fertility and yam (Dioscorea alata) production. Experimental Agriculture, 54(5), pp. 1–14. DOI: 10.1017/S0014479718000327.
  61. Niveau d’Émissions de Référence des Forêts de la Côte d’Ivoire (NERF), 2024. Niveau de Référence des Forêts (NRF) et Niveau d’Émissions de Référence des Forêts de la Côte d’Ivoire. Soumission à la Convention Cadre des Nations Unies pour le Changement Climatique, République de Côte d’Ivoire, janvier 2024, 41 p.
  62. Nkem, J.N., Santoso, H., and Mebratu, D., 2010. Shaping forest safety nets with markets: adaptation to climate change under changing roles of tropical forests in Congo Basin. Environmental Science & Policy, 13(7), pp.535-544. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2010.05.002.
  63. Ossohou, M., Galy-Lacaux, C., Yoboué, V., Adon, M., Delon, C., Gardrat, E., Konaté, I., Ki, A., Zouzou, R., 2021. Long-term atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition in West African savanna over 16 year period (Lamto, Côte d’Ivoire). Environmental Research Letters, 16(1), pp. 015004. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abd065.
  64. Ouattara, D., Kouamé, D., Tiébré, M.-S., Kouadio, Y. J. C. et N’Guessan, K. E., 2016. Biodiversité végétale et valeur d’usage en zone soudanienne de la Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 10(3), pp. 1122–1138. DOI : 10.4314/ijbcs.v10i3.18.
  65. Pan, Y., Birdsey, R.A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P.E., Kurz, W.A., Phillips, O.L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S.L., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Pacala, S.W., McGuire, A.D., Piao, S., Rautiainen, A., Sitch, S. and Hayes, D., 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests. Science, 333(6045), pp.988-993. DOI: 10.1126/science.1201609.
  66. Pielou, E. C., 1975. Ecological Diversity. New York: Wiley. 165 p.
  67. Reyes, G., Brown, S., Chapman, J. and Lugo, A. E., 1992. Wood densities of tropical tree species. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
  68. Riou, G., 1974. Les sols de la savane de Lamto. Lamto N° spécial (2e partie) : Les caractéristiques du milieu physique. In: Bulletin de Liaison, pp. 5-39.
  69. RStudio 2024. Integrated Development Environment for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA.
  70. SEP-REDD+ et FAO, 2017. Données de base pour la REDD+ en Côte d’Ivoire. Cartographie de la dynamique forestière de 1986 à 2015. Abidjan, Rome.
  71. Seymour, F. and Harris, N.L., 2019. Reducing tropical deforestation: The interventions required to reduce deforestation differ widely across the tropics. Science, 365(6455), pp.756-757. DOI: 10.1126/science.aax8546.
  72. Shapiro, S. S. and Wilk, M. B., 1965. An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52(3-4), pp. 591–611. DOI: 1093/biomet/52.3-4.591.
  73. Silué, K. S., Koné, N. A., Konaté, S., Roisin, Y. and Korb, J., 2022. Conservation management and termites: a case study from central Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Journal of Tropical Ecology. Published online: 25 May 2022. DOI: 10.1017/S0266467422000141.
  74. Silué, P. A., Koffi, K. A. D., Konan, E. K. and Kouakou, A. A. M., 2021. Espace boisé de l’Ecoferme de Lokoli (Sinématiali, nord de la Côte d’Ivoire) : un cas de compensation écologique. International Journal of Advanced Research, 9(5), pp. 119-130. DOI: 21474/IJAR01/13434.
  75. Soro, Y., N’Dri, B. A., Bakayoko, A., et Gignoux, J. 2018. Analyse de la végétation dans un écotone forêt-savane d’Afrique de l’Ouest dans un contexte de boisement des savanes. Revue de l’Environnement et de la Biodiversité – PASRES, 3(1), pp. 54–72.
  76. Tiébré, M. S., Ouattara, B., Kpangui, K. B., Kouassi, D. F. and N’Guessan, K. E., 2016. Diversité floristique de la région de Founbesso en zone de transition forêt-savane à l’Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 10, pp. 1007-1016. DOI: 4314/ijbcs.v10i3.8.
  77. Tiémoko, D. T., Yoroba, F., Diawara, A., Kouadio, K., Kouassi, B. K. and Yapo, A. L. M., 2020. Understanding the Local Carbon Fluxes Variations and Their Relationship to Climate Conditions in a Sub-Humid Savanna -Ecosystem during 2008-2015: Case of Lamto in Côte d’Ivoire. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 10, pp. 186-205. DOI: 10.4236/acs.2020.102010.
  78. Tiémoko, D.T., Yoroba, F., Kouassi, K.B., Diawara, A., Kouadio, K., Bouo, F.-X.D.B., Yapo, A.L.M., Kouman, A. and Ramonet, M., 2023. CO2, CH4, and CO emission sources and their characteristics in the Lamto Ecological Reserve (Côte d’Ivoire). Atmosphere, 14(10), p.1533. DOI: 10.3390/atmos14101533. Available at: https://hal.science/hal-04234781v1.
  79. Tra Bi, T. J., Kouassi, K. K., and Keulai, M. C., 2023. Evaluation de l’Impact des Activités Anthropiques Sur la Séquestration de Carbone dans le Parc National Du Mont Sangbé, en Côte d’Ivoire. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 19(6), p. 367. DOI: 19044/esj.2023.v19n6p367.
  80. UNFCCC, 2024. 2024 NDC Synthesis Report. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Available at: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/2024-ndc-synthesis-report [Accessed 3 November 2024].
  81. Vroh, B. T. A., Tiébré, M.-S., Ouattara, D., and N’Guessan, K. É., 2014. Forest reserve of Dékpa Agbaou, an example of plant diversity conservation on mine sites in Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 6(2), pp. 162–171.
  82. Vuattoux, R., Konaté, S., Abbadie, L., Barot, S., Gignoux, J. and Lahoreau, G., 2006. History of the Lamto Ecology Station and Ecological Studies at Lamto. In: L. Abbadie, J. Gignoux, X. Le Roux and M. Lepage, eds. Ecological Studies, vol. 179. Springer, New York, NY, pp.1-15. DOI: 10.1007/0-387-33857-8_1.
  83. Whitmore, T. C., 1998. An Introduction to Tropical Rain Forests. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 296 p.
  84. World Bank, 2024. State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2024. Washington, DC: World Bank. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2127-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
  85. XLSTAT, 2024. Addinsoft, Paris, France.
  86. Yangambi, 1956. La classification des végétations d’Afrique. Nature, 178(4545), pp. 1273-1274.1274. DOI: 10.1038/1781273a0.
  87. Yapo, G. R., Touré, G.-P. T., Guéi, A. M., N’Dri, A. B., Kallo, A., Konan, L. N., Touré, B., Kouadio, H. K. et Koné, A. W., 2023. L’exclusion du feu modifie l’abondance mais pas la diversité des vers de terre dans la savane Guinéenne (Lamto, Côte d’Ivoire). Étude et Gestion des Sols, 30, pp. 223-23

Author's Affiliation

   Amani Abell Mike KOUAKOU
West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL), Graduate Research Programme on Climate Change and Land Use, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.

   Konan Edouard KOUASSI
West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL), African Centre of Excellence in Climate Change, Biodiversity & Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), BP 582 Abid

   Pagadjovongo Adama SILUE
Département de Biologie Végétale, UFR Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly (UPGC), BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.

   Jonathan Arthur QUAYE-BALLARD
Department of Geomatic Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana

   Nat Owusu PREMPEH
Department of Land Reclamation and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Forest Resources Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana

   Michael THIEL
Earth Observation Research Cluster, Department of Global Urbanization and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, 97074, Germany.

Copyrights & License

Amani Abell Mike KOUAKOU, Konan Edouard KOUASSI, Pagadjovongo Adama SILUE, Jonathan Arthur QUAYE-BALLARD, Nat Owusu PREMPEH, Michael THIEL, 2025

This work is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Article Details

How to Cite :

Role of The Forest-Savanna Transition Zones in Mitigating Climate Change at Lamto Scientific Reserve, Côte d’Ivoire. Amani Abell Mike KOUAKOU, Konan Edouard KOUASSI, Pagadjovongo Adama SILUE, Jonathan Arthur QUAYE-BALLARD, Nat Owusu PREMPEH, Michael THIEL, 8(1), 524-542. Retrieved from https://ijcsrr.org/single-view/?id=21190&pid=20733

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Amani Abell Mike KOUAKOU, Konan Edouard KOUASSI, Pagadjovongo Adama SILUE, Jonathan Arthur QUAYE-BALLARD, Nat Owusu PREMPEH, Michael THIEL,

View

232

Citation

Downloads

Article Details