Abstract :

Long bone fractures in six dogs were stabilized with intramedullary pinning and synthetic nanohydroxyapatite (Nha) graft material was deposited at the fracture site intra-operatively. The fractures were classified according to AO ASIF method of classification and the outcome of open reduction and internal fixation was evaluated based on clinical and radiological studies, on 7^th, 15^th, 30^th and 45^th post- operative days. Post-operative weight bearing and angulation and lameness grading, radiographic evaluation for alignment and implant stability were also evaluated. The stabilization technique proved to be satisfactory in all the cases. The radiographic score indicated better long bone fracture healing with Nha alone as a graft.

---

Keywords :

Dog, Long bone fracture, Nanohydroxyapatite

---

References :

1. Aithal, H. , Singh, G. R., Amarpal., Kinjavdekar, P., and Setia, H. C. 1999 Fractures secondary to nutritional bone disease in dogs: a review of 38 cases. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series, A. 46 (8): 483-487.
2. Ali, B. 2013 Incidence, occurrence, classification, and outcome of small animal fractures: a retrospective study (2005-2010). 0, 7 (3): 191-196.
3. Filho, M., and Medrado, A. R. 2019 Biological principles of nanostructured hydroxyapatite associated with metals: a literature review. Insight Biomed, 4 (3), 1-10.
4. Sheikh, Z., Najeeb, S., Khurshid, Z., Verma, V., Rashid, H., and Glagauer, M. 2015 Biodegradable materials for bone repair and tissue engineering applications. Materials, 9: 5744-5794.
5. Haugen, H. J., Lyngstadaas, S. P., Rossi, F., and Perale, G. 2019 Bone grafts: which is the ideal biomaterial?. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 46: 92-102.
6. Kumar, K., Mogha, I. V., Aithal, H. P., Kinjavdekar, P., Amarpal., Singh, G. R., Pawde, A. M., and Kushwaha, R. B. Occurrence and pattern of long bone fractures in growing dogs with normal and osteopenic Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 54.9 (2007): 484-490.
7. Kushwaha, R. B., Gupta, A. K., Bhadwal, M. S., Kumar, S., and Tripathi, A. K. 2011 Incidence of fractures and their management in animals: a clinical study of 77 cases. Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery 32: 54-56.
8. Raouf, , Ezzeldein, S. A., and Eisa, E. F. M. 2019 Bone fractures in dogs: A retrospective study of 129 dogs. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 33(2): 401-40.
9. Ratnadiwakara, R. W. M. H., Silva, D. N., and Wijekoon, H. M. S. 2020 Treatment of supracondylar femoral fractures in young cats and dogs using “Arrow Pin” technique. Journal of Veterinary Animal Science. 3(1): 1017.
10. Rhangani, A. T. 2014 Incidence, classification, and management of appendicular bonefractures in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya. A retrospective study. Doctoral Dissertation University of Nairobi, 22-31.
11. Simon, M. Ganesh, R., Ayyappan, S., and Kumar, S. R. 2011 Incidence of pectoral limb fractures in dogs: a survey of 331 cases. Tamilnadu Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 7.2: 94-96.
12. Şirin, S., Kaya, U., and Olcay, B. 2013 Clinical and radiological outcomes of locking compression plate system in dogs with diaphyseal fractures: 32 cases. The Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 19: A13-A18.
13. Velasco, A., Narvaez, A., Tovar, C. A., and Alvarado, D. A. 2015 Design, materials, and mechanobiology of biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. BioMed research international, 2015.
14. Zhang, G., Li, Z. H., Mao, X. Z., and Wang, W. C. 2011 Advances in bone repair with nano biomaterials: mini- review. Cytotechnology, 63(5): 437.