Abstract :
This descriptive quantitative research assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on vaccination among the residents within the rurality of Barangay Rizal, Surigao City. The study used a validated researcher-made survey questionnaire that was also tested for reliability to ascertain the intended quantitative data. The respondents were selected through the purposive and quota sampling technique considering 100 maximum rural residents as respondents of the study. The frequency count and percentage revealed that most of the respondents were 18-24 years old, mostly female, mostly single, had achieved college level, and earning less than 9,100 pesos. Frequency Count, Mean, and Standard Deviation also revealed that most of the rural residents are less knowledgeable and have moderate levels of attitudes and beliefs about vaccination. The Analysis of Variance (AnOVa) and Pearson r revealed no significant associations between the residents’ profiles and the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about vaccination. Likewise, there was also no association and relationships between knowledge and attitudes and between attitudes and beliefs. Notably, there was a relationship between the residents’ knowledge and beliefs about vaccination. The study provided a broad overview of rural residents’ sentiments towards vaccination as well. It’s crucial to educate residents about the vaccine development process to address their concerns. They are cautious by observing the side effects of the vaccines before getting vaccinated. Barangay Health Workers should conduct stronger orientations or symposiums for the rural residents. Proper health education should be disseminated among these people through seminars or symposiums. Lastly, the staff or nurses of the rural health centers must provide accurate information and strengthen any advertisements or IEC materials for the wide dissemination of information. By providing brochures to provide clear and accurate information about vaccines.
Keywords :
Attitudes, Beliefs, Knowledge, Philippines., Surigao, Survey., Vaccination.References :
- Abdul, M. K., & Mursheda, F. K. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine: A Global Cross-Sectional Study. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3763373, International Research Journal of Business and Social Science, vol.6, no.4, 2020
- Abebe, H., Shitu, S., & Mose, A. (2021). Understanding of COVID-19 vaccine knowledge, attitude, acceptance, and determinates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among adult population in Ethiopia. Infection and Drug Resistance, Volume 14, 2015–2025. https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s312116
- Adane, M., Ademas, A., & Kloos, H. (2022). Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine and refusal to receive COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in northeastern Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12362-8
- Aklil, M. B., & Temesgan, W. Z. (2022). Knowledge and Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccination and Associated Factors among College Students in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology, 9, 233339282210989. https://doi.org/10.1177/23333928221098903
- Aklil, M. B., & Temesgan, W. Z. (2022b). Knowledge and Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccination and Associated Factors among College Students in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology, 9, 233339282210989. https://doi.org/10.1177/23333928221098903
- Ali, S. H., Foreman, J., Tozan, Y., Capasso, A., Jones, A. M., & DiClemente, R. J. (2020). Trends and Predictors of COVID-19 Information sources and their relationship with knowledge and beliefs related to the pandemic: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6(4), e21071. https://doi.org/10.2196/21071
- Al-Marshoudi, S., Al-Balushi, H., Wahaibi, A. A., Al-Khalili, S., Al-Maani, A., Al-Farsi, N., Al-Jahwari, A., Al-Habsi, Z., Al-Shaibi, M., Al-Msharfi, M., Al-Ismaili, A., Al-Buloshi, H., Al-Rawahi, B., Al-Barwani, K., & Al-Abri, S. (2021). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) toward the COVID-19 Vaccine in Oman: A Pre-Campaign Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines, 9(6), 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060602
- Amyn A. Malik,a,b, SarahAnn M. McFadden,a,b, Jad Elharake,a,c Omer, S. (2020). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US. 1016/j.eclinm.2020.100495
- Buga, S. (2020, July 31). The importance of immunizations. The Daily Checkup. https://blog.amopportunities.org/2020/04/23/the-importance-of-immunizations/
- Ederio, N., Inocian, E., Calaca, N., & Espiritu, J.G. (2023). Ethical research practices in educational institutions: A literature review. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 06(5), 2709-2724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V6-i5-02
- General Brigham. Quiz: How much do you know about vaccines? UNICEF Parenting. https://www.unicef.org/parenting/health/vaccines-quiz
- Giles, C. (2021, February 22). The do’s and don’ts on social media for vaccine Haves and Have-Nots. KFF Health News. https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/the-dos-and-donts-on-social-media-for-vaccine-haves-and-have-nots/
- Graeber, D., Schmidt-Petri, C., & Schröder, C. (2021). Attitudes on voluntary and mandatory vaccination against COVID-19: Evidence from Germany. PLOS ONE, 16(5), e0248372. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248372
- He, Z., He, M., & Yuan, E. (2021b). Vaccine safety and efficacy: A literature review. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0049198
- How Vaccines are Developed and Approved for Use | CDC. (n.d.). https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/test-approve.html https://healthlibrary.brighamandwomens.org/SummerHeat/40,ImmunQuiz?CustomAnswers_ImmunQuiz=q1a1_c,q4a1_c,q5a1,q6a1_c,q7a1_c,q8a1_c
- Islam, M. S., Siddique, A., Akter, R., Tasnim, R., Sujan, M. S. H., Ward, P., & Sikder, M. T. (2021). Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations: a cross-sectional community survey in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11880-9
- Islam, M. S., Siddique, A., Akter, R., Tasnim, R., Sujan, M. S. H., Ward, P., & Sikder, M. T. (2021b). Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations: a cross-sectional community survey in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11880-9
- Iwasaki, A., & Omer, S. B. (2020). Why and How Vaccines Work. Cell, 183(2), 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.040
- Machingaidze, S., & Wiysonge, C. S. (2021). Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Nature Medicine, 27(8), 1338–1339. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01459-7
- Marzo, R. R., Sami, W., Alam, M. Z., Acharya, S., Jermsittiparsert, K., Songwathana, K., Pham, N. T., Respati, T., Faller, E. M., Baldonado, A. M., Aung, Y., Borkar, S. M., Essar, M. Y., Shrestha, S., & Yi, S. (2022). Hesitancy in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its associated factors among the general adult population: a cross-sectional study in six Southeast Asian countries. Tropical Medicine and Health, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-021-00393-1Farhana, K. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine:
- Migriño, J. R., Gayados, B., Birol, K. R. J., De Jesus, L., Lopez, C. W., Mercado, W. C., Tolosa, J. C., Torreda, J., & Tulagan, G. (2020). Factors affecting vaccine hesitancy among families with children 2 years old and younger in two urban communities in Manila, Philippines. Western Pacific Surveillance and Response, 11(2), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2019.10.2.006
- Mohamed, N. A., Solehan, H. M., Rani, M. D. M., Ithnin, M., & Isahak, C. I. C. (2021). Knowledge, acceptance and perception on COVID-19 vaccine among Malaysians: A web-based survey. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0256110. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256110Pal, G., (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2):
- Rahman, M. M., Chisty, M. A., Alam, A., Sakib, M. S., Quader, M. A., Shobuj, I. A., Halim, M. A., & Rahman, F. (2022). Knowledge, attitude, and hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccine among university students of Bangladesh. PLOS ONE, 17(6), e0270684. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270684
- Reyes, M. S. G. L., Dee, E. C., & Ho, B. L. (2020). Vaccination in the Philippines: experiences from history and lessons for the future. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 17(6), 1873–1876.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1841541
- Sharma, A., Tiwari, S., Deb, M. K., & Marty, J. L. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): a global pandemic and treatment strategies. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.
- Tandon, P. N. (2020). COVID-19: Impact on health of people & wealth of nations. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 151(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_664_20
- Taylor, F. Ë. (1915). The Sterilisation of Vaccines; and the Influence of the Various Methods Employed on their Antigenic Properties. The Journal of Hygiene, 15(1), 163–168. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400006173
- Temesgan, W. (2021). Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination
- The childhood immunization schedule and safety. In National Academies Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.17226/13563
- The importance and benefits of getting vaccinated against COVID-19. NEWS BBVA. (B. Argentaria, 2021, August 31). https://www.bbva.com/en/the-importance-and-benefits-of-getting-vaccinated-against-covid-19/
- Troiano, G., & Nardi, A. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. Public Health, 194, 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.025 Troiano, G., & Nardi, A. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. Public Health, 194, 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.025
- World Health Organization: (2021). Vaccine efficacy, effectiveness and protection. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/vaccine-efficacy-effectiveness-and-protection
- Yang, Z., Luo, X., & Jia, H. (2021). Is it all a conspiracy? Conspiracy theories and people’s attitude to COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccines, 9 (10), 1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101051
- Yap, C., Ali, A., Prabhakar, A., Prabhakar, A., Pal, A., Lim, Y. Y., & Kakodkar, P. (2021). Comprehensive literature review on COVID-19 vaccines and role of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the pandemic. Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy, 9, 251513552110597. https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355211059791