Title : Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Primary Healthcare Services Delivery as Perceived by Rural Residents

Vol 7 No 5 (2024): Volume 07 Issue 05 May 2024

Article Date Published : 28 May 2024 | Page No.: 3303-3322 | Google Scholar | Crossref doi for this article

Abstract :

This study assessed the impact of the CoViD-19 pandemic on primary healthcare services in Barangay Mabua, Surigao City. Employing a quantitative research design, the study profiled participants and investigated the pandemic’s effects on healthcare delivery. Purposive sampling was used, and data was collected through a validated questionnaire. The research objectives included examining variance based on participant profiles and deriving recommendations. The findings revealed a significant impact of the pandemic on primary healthcare services, with preventive and rehabilitative services showing variance across demographics. The study concluded that despite challenges, primary healthcare services continued to cater to the community. The implications of the research were far-reaching, offering insights for policymakers, healthcare providers, and the community. The recommendations encompassed health literacy campaigns, collaborative efforts, and financial assistance programs to address the identified challenges. The study not only contributes valuable insights to the field but also lays the groundwork for future research endeavors in healthcare service delivery during crises.

 

Keywords :

COVID-19 pandemic, Philippines., Primary Healthcare Services, Quantitative Research, Residents Perceptions, Surigao

References :

  1. Al-Abdulla, S., & O’Dwyer R. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery of primary health care services. Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care, 2021(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.5339/jemtac.2021.qhc.11
  2. Albert, , J. R. G., Abrigo, M. R., Quimba, F. M. A., & Vizmanos, J. F. V. (2022, August 4). Poverty, the middle class, and income distribution amid covid-19. PIDS. Retrieved January 3, 2023, from

https://www.pids.gov.ph/publication/discussion-papers/poverty-the-middle-class-and-income-distribution-amid-covid-19

  1. Alcalde-Rubio, L., Hernández-Aguado, I., Parker, L. A., Bueno-Vergara, E., & Chilet-Rosell, E. (2020). Gender disparities in clinical practice: are there any solutions? Scoping review of interventions to overcome or reduce gender bias in clinical practice. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01283-4
  2. Amit, A. M., Pepito, V. C., & Dayrit, M. M. (2022). Advancing Universal Health Coverage in the Philippines through self-care interventions. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, 26, 100579.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100579

  1. Aponte-Melendez, Y., Mateu-Gelabert, P., Fong, C., Eckhardt, B., Kapadia, S., & Marks, K. (2021). The impact of covid-19 on people who inject drugs in New York City: Increased risk and decreased access to services. Harm Reduction Journal, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00568-3
  2. Ashraf, B. N. (2020). Economic impact of government interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: International evidence from financial markets. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 27, 100371.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100371

  1. Aytona, M. G., Politico, M. R., McManus, L., Ronquillo, K., & Okech, M. (2022). Determining staffing standards for primary care services using workload indicators of staffing needs in the Philippines. Human Resources for Health, 19(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00670-4
  2. Campbell, J. L. (2018). Age, gender, socioeconomic, and ethnic differences in patients’ assessments of primary health care. Journal of Gerontology, 10(2), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1136/qhc.10.2.90
  3. Caserotti, M., Girardi, P., Rubaltelli, E., Tasso, A., Lotto, L., & Gavaruzzi, T. (2021). Associations of COVID-19 risk perception with vaccine hesitancy over time for Italian residents. Social science & medicine, 272, 113688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113688
  4. Castillo, M. J., Ordoñez, D. M., & Villagracia, A. R. (2022). The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Public Spending of the Philippines during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SSRN Electronic Journal, 16. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4059421
  5. Cosma, S. A., Bota, M., Fleșeriu, C., Morgovan, C., Văleanu, M., & Cosma, D. (2020). Measuring Patients’ Perception and Satisfaction with the Romanian Healthcare System. Sustainability, 12(4), 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041612
  6. Co, E. E., Caragay, R., Lopez, J. C., Sia, I., Estacio, L., Lam, H., & Villena, M. F. (2018). Scaling up primary health care in the Philippines: Lessons from a systematic review of experiences of community-based health programs. Acta Medica Philippina, 52(2). https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v52i2.448
  7. Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomedica Atenei Parmensis, 91(1), 157–160. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
  8. Cho, Y., Chung, H., Joo, H., Park, H. J., Joh, H. K., Kim, J. W., & Lee, J. K. (2020). Comparison of patient perceptions of primary care quality across healthcare facilities in Korea: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230034
  9. Ciotti, M., Ciccozzi, M., Terrinomi, A., Jiang, W., Wang, C., & Bernardini, S. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 57(6), 365 – 388. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198
  10. Duckett, S. (2020). What should primary care look like after the COVID-19 pandemic? Australian Journal of Primary Health, 26(3), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1071/py20095
  11. ERICTA, C. A. R. M. E. L. I. T. A. N. (2013, January 10). Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved January 3, 2023, from https://psa.gov.ph/content/educational-attainment-household-population-results-2010-census
  12. Ederio, N., Inocian, E., Calaca, N., & Espiritu, J.G. (2023). Ethical research practices in educational institutions: A literature review. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 06(5), 2709-2724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V6-i5-02
  13. Fowler, T., Garr, D., Mager, N.D.P. et al. Enhancing primary care and preventive services through Interprofessional practice and education. Isr J Health Policy Res 9, 12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-020-00371-8
  14. Gietl, S., Schönegger, C. M., Falk, M., Weiler, S., Obererlacher, S., Jansen, B., Sonnleitner, S.-T., & Walder, G. (2021). Home quarantine in covid-19: A study on 50 consecutive patients in Austria. Clinical Medicine, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0787
  15. Gothankar, J. S., Narula, A. P. S., Patil, K., Deshmukh, R., Patil, J., Doke, P., & Karanjkar, A. (2022). Symptomatic survey of COVID-19 in the rural health and demographic surveillance site of Maharashtra, India. Annals of African Medicine, 21(3), 180. https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_98_20
  16. Hasani, S. A., Ghafri, T. A., Al Lawati, H., Mohammed, J., Al Mukhainai, A., Al Ajmi, F., & Anwar, H. (2020b). The Use of Telephone Consultation in Primary Health Care During COVID-19 Pandemic, Oman: Perceptions from Physicians. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 11, 215013272097648. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720976480
  17. Islam, Q. M. (2021). Innovation in Primary Healthcare in the Twenty-first Century. Sage Journal. 23(1), 129 – 142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063421994987
  18. Jansen, T., Rademakers, J., Waverijn, G. et al. The role of health literacy in explaining the association between educational attainment and the use of out-of-hours primary care services in chronically ill people: a survey study. BMC Health Serv Res 18, 394 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3197-4
  19. Kalseth, J., & Halvorsen, T. (2020). Health and care service utilisation and cost over the life-span: a descriptive analysis of population data. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05295-2
  20. Khalil-Khan, A., & Khan, M. A. (2023). The Impact of COVID-19 on Primary Care: A Scoping Review. Cureus, 15(1), e33241. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33241
  21. Kretchy, I. A., Asiedu-Danso, M., & Kretchy, J.-P. (2021). Medication management and adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives and experiences from low-and middle-income countries. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(1), 2023–2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.007
  22. Lam, H. Y., de Vera, R., Rivera, A. S., Sy, T. R., Cheng, K. J. G., Farrales, D. B., … & Miguel, R. T. D. (2018). Describing the health Service Delivery Network of an urban poor area and a rural poor area. Acta Medica Philippina, 52(5). https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v52i5.316
  23. Larena, C., & Ozoa, E., & Kar, S. (2022). Knowledge, attitude, anxiety, and the
  24. perceived mental healthcare needs towards COVID-19 pandemic among Filipino respondents. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355482470
  25. Li, X., Lu, J., Hu, S., Cheng, K., De Maeseneer, J., Meng, Q., Mossialos, E., Xu, D. R., Yip, W., Zhang, H., Krumholz, H. M., Jiang, L., & Hu, S. (2017). The primary health-care system in China. The Lancet, 390 (10112), 2584–2594. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33109-4
  26. Lim, J., Broughan, J., Crowley, D., O’kelly B., Fawsitt, R., Burke, M., McCombe, G., Lambet, J., & Cullen, W. (2021). COVID-19’s impact on primary care and related mitigation strategies: A scoping review. European Journal of General Practice, 2021(1), 173. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2021.1946681
  27. Lim, M. K., Lim, Y. a. L., Tong, S. F., & Sivasampu, S. (2019). Age, sex and primary care setting differences in patients’ perception of community healthcare seeking behaviour towards health services. PLOS ONE, 14(10), e0224260. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224260
  28. Liu, Y., Shi, H., Li, Y., & Amin, A. (2021). Factors influencing Chinese residents’ post-pandemic outbound travel intentions: an extended theory of planned behavior model based on the perception of COVID-19. Tourism Review. 76(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2020-0458
  29. Lone, S., & Ahmad, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic – an African perspective. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 9(1), 1300-1308. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1775132
  30. Lugo-Agudelo, L., Sarmiento, K., Brunal, M., Correa, J., Borrero, A., Franco, L., Ianini, R., Lis, P., Vélez, C., Lugo, D., & Gutenbrunner, C. (2021). Adaptations for rehabilitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic proposed by scientifiorganizations and rehabilitation professionals. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 53(9). https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2865
  31. Lutge, E., Mhlongo, E. M., & Adepeju, L. (2020). The roles, responsibilities and perceptions of community health workers and ward-based primary health care outreach teams: a scoping review. Global Health Action, 13(1), 1806526. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1806526
  32. Maharajan, M., Sen, K., Thapa, B., Shrestha, S., Jayaswal, A., Poudel, A., Basnet, P., Rana, S. R. L., Chaudhary, S., Shrestha, P., & Bhandari, K. (2022). Irregular Antenatal Care Attendance among Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Nepal Medical Association, 60(253), 796–799. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.7472
  33. Mitchell, S., Maynard, V., Lysons, V., Jones, N., & Gardiner (2020). The role and response of primary healthcare services in the delivery of palliative care in epidemics and pandemics: A rapid review to inform practice and service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sage Journal, 34(9), 1182 – 1192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216320947623
  34. Montez, J. K., & Cheng, K. J. (2022). Educational disparities in adult health across U.S. states: Larger disparities reflect economic factors. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 966434.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.966434
  35. Murphy, P. (2019). Measurement and rural primary health care: a scoping review. Rural and Remote Health, 19(3), 4911. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH4911
  36. Mhlongo, E. M., Lutge, E., & Adepeju, L. (2020). The roles, responsibilities and perceptions of community health workers and ward-based primary health care outreach teams: a scoping review. Global Health Action, 13(1), 1806526. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1806526
  37. Nicomedes, C. J., & Avila, R. M. (2020). An analysis on the panic of Filipinos during COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Unpublished manuscript. 276(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.046
  38. Omer, S., Malani, P., & del Rio, C. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic in the US. JAMA Network, 323(18), 1749 – 1862. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2764366
  39. Pandey, K. R., Yang, F., Cagney, K. A., Smieliauskas, F., Meltzer, D. O., & Ruhnke, G. W. (2019). The impact of marital status on health care utilization among Medicare beneficiaries. Medicine, 98(12).

https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000014871

  1. Pillay, Y., Pienaar, S., & Barron, P. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on routine primary healthcare services in South Africa. African Medical Journal, vol. 111(8), 779. https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.7196/SAMJ.20
  2. Plantado, A. N. R., de Guzman, H. J. D., Mariano, J. E. C., Salvan, M. R. A. R., Benosa, C. A. C., & Robles, Y. R. (2021). Development of an Online Telepharmacy Service in the Philippines and Analysis of Its Usage During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Pharmacy Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/08971900211033120
  3. Pujolar, G., Oliver-Anglès, A., Vargas, I., & Vázquez, M.-L. (2022). Changes in access to health services during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1749. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031749
  4. Querri, A. G., Ohkado, A., Kawatsu, L., Bermejo, J., Vianzon, A., Recidoro, M. J., & Medina, A. (2020). Assessment of the role of community health volunteers in delivering primary health care in Manila, the Philippines. Journal of International Health, 35(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.11197/jaih.35.15
  5. Ahmed (2021). Role of Digital Media in Spreading Covid-19 Awareness- Structural Equation Modelling based Study. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 10(4), 2830–2841. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2021/281042021
  6. Raghupathi, V., Raghupathi, W. The influence of education on health: an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995–2015. Arch Public Health 78, 20 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00402-5
  7. Rotarou, E. S., & Sakellariou, D. (2018). Determinants of utilisation rates of preventive health services: Evidence from Chile. BMC Public Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-018-5736-5
  8. Salih, A. A., & Ismail, R. M. (2022). Elderly patients’ adherence, knowledge and belief to medications in primary healthcare centers in Baghdad. Saudi Journal of Medicine, 7(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2022.v07i01.002
  9. Suksatan, W., Teravecharoenchai, S., & Sarayuthpitak, J. (2022). Factors Associated with a Health-promoting Lifestyle among Adults and Older Adults in the Era of COVID-19: An Integrative Review. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(E), 725–732. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9385
  10. Shukla, V.V., Shah, R.C. Vaccinations in Primary Care. Indian J Pediatr 85, 1118–1127 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2555-2
  11. Talabis, D. A. S., Babierra, A. L., Buhat, C. A. H., Lutero, D. S., Quindala, K. M., & Rabajante, J. F. (2021, September 21). Local government responses for Covid-19 Management in the Philippines – BMC public health. BioMed Central. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-11746-0
  12. Tee, M. L., Tee, C. A., Anlacan, J. P., Aligam, K. J. G., Reyes, P. W. C., Kuruchittham, V., Ho, R. C. (2020). Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.043
  13. Wang, F. (2018). The roles of preventive and curative health care in Economic Development. PLOS ONE, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206808
  14. Wangmo, S., Sarkar, S., Islam, T., Rahman, M., & Landry, M. (2021). Maintaining essential health services during the pandemic in Bangladesh: the role of primary health care supported by routine health information systems. WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health, 10(3), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.4103/2224-3151.309884
  15. Wendimagegn, N. F., & Bezuidenhout, M. C. (2019). integrating promotive, preventive, and curative health care services at hospitals and health centers in Addis Ababa, ethiopia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, Volume 12, 243–255. https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s193370
  16. Walraven, G. (2019). The 2018 Astana Declaration on Primary Health Care, is it useful? Journal of Global Health, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.010313
  17. Zissimopoulou, O., Leontidou, E., Tsiptsios, D., Manolis, A., Ioannides, D., Trypsiani, I., Steiropoulos, P., Constantinidis, T., Tripsianis, G., & Nena, E. (2020). Association of Family Income with Health Indices and Healthcare Utilization in a Large Sample of Residents in Northern Greece, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.26574/maedica.2020.15.4.490
  18. Zulu, D.W., Silumbwe, A., Maritim, P. et al. Integration of systematic screening for tuberculosis in outpatient departments of urban primary health care facilities in Zambia: a case study of Kitwe district. BMC Health Serv Res 22, 732 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08043-w

How to Cite :

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Primary Healthcare Services Delivery as Perceived by Rural Residents. Claire Mae R. Silvosa, Cyril R. Cabanado, Dulce Marie J. Noble, Judith E. Almonguera, Nikko T. Ederio , 7(5), 3303-3322. Retrieved from https://ijcsrr.org/single-view/?id=16538&pid=15990

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Claire Mae R. Silvosa, Cyril R. Cabanado, Dulce Marie J. Noble, Judith E. Almonguera, Nikko T. Ederio,

View

75

Citation

Downloads

Article Details